Julie Whalen
Chief Financial Officer at Expedia Group
Thank you, Peter, and good afternoon, everyone. Let me start with the key metrics for the first quarter. Total gross bookings of $30.2 billion were up 3% versus last year. Growth was driven primarily by total lodging gross bookings, which grew 4%, led by our hotel business growing 12%. This strong hotel growth was partially offset by the ongoing softness in our verbal business that, while improving is taking longer than expected to fully recover. Revenue of $2.9 billion grew 8% versus last year, led by B2B, brand Expedia, and our advertising businesses.
The revenue strength was driven by higher revenue margins, which increased to over 50 basis points from a product and geo mix during the quarter. Increased advertising revenue, which contributes to revenue but not gross bookings and the pull in of stays[Phonetic] in Q1 driven by the Easter shift[Phonetic]. Cost of sales was $356 million for the quarter and $55 million or 13% lower versus last year, which, combined with our strong revenue growth, drove approximately 310 basis points of leverage as a percentage of revenue year over year. We are pleased to see our ongoing initiatives delivering transactional efficiencies. Direct sales and marketing expense in the first quarter was $1.7 billion, which was up 11% versus last year.
Sales and marketing deleveraged this quarter as a percentage of gross bookings primarily due to the commissions to our partners as a result of our strong growth in our B2B business with growth of 25%. As we have stated previously, commissions paid to our B2B partners are in our direct sales and marketing line and are more expensive as a percentage of revenue than our B2C business. However, because they are generally paid on a stay basis to contractually agreed upon percentages the returns are more guaranteed and immediate. In our B2C business, we also saw some marketing deleverage this quarter as we reinvested back into our Vrbo business to drive improving growth and our increased investments to drive our global market expansion, one of our key strategic growth initiatives this year.
Overhead expenses were $611 million an increase of $23 million versus last year or 4% leveraging 95 basis points. We were able to drive our costs below our revenue growth particularly in our product and tech operations and now that we are done with the major boulders of platform migration, we remain committed to driving further efficiencies across our P&L. To that end, in February, we announced cost actions that will impact approximately 1500 employees through this year. We expect that these actions will unlock substantial savings on an annualized basis across capitalized labor, cost of sales, and overhead costs.
And as a result of all of these factors, we delivered strong first quarter EBITDA of $255 million which was up 38% year over year with an EBITDA margin of 8.8%, expanding over 190 basis points year over year. This was higher than expected, given the higher revenue we delivered and the leverage to the P&L that provides, along with lower cost of sales, both of which more than offset our marketing investments to drive future growth. It is also important to note that EBITDA also benefited from a decision we made to invest more in pricing actions as opposed to additional direct marketing. These pricing actions are reflected in the P&L when the stay occurs.
As a result, these investments will instead impact future quarters as contra revenue when the stays come in. Starting this quarter in addition to EBITDA, we are providing additional disclosure around our EBIT performance, which includes the impact of stock based compensation, depreciation, and amortization. In the first quarter, EBIT was negative $59 million, with a margin of negative 2.1% and improvement of $51 million or 205 basis points versus last year. The additional approximately 15 basis points of expansion as compared to EBITDA is driven by leverage from stock based compensation.
Our first quarter EBITDA growth enabled us to generate another quarter of robust free cash flow at $2.7 billion. The year over year decline in free cash flow is associated with timing changes within working capital, which includes lower deferred merchant bookings, primarily driven by the softness in Vrbo bookings this quarter. Moving on to our balance sheet, we ended the quarter with strong liquidity of $8.2 billion, driven by our unrestricted cash balance of $5.7 billion and our undrawn revolving line of credit of $2.5 billion. Our debt level remains at approximately $6.3 billion, with an average cost at only 3.7%.
Our gross leverage ratio at a further reduced 2.3 times continues to make progress towards our target gross leverage ratio of two times, driven by our ongoing strong EBITDA growth. Our strong cash position enabled us to continue repurchasing shares with over 780 million or approximately 5.7 million shares repurchased Year to date and we continue to believe that our stock remains undervalued and does not reflect our expected long term performance of the business. As such, we will utilize the strong cash generating power of our business and our remaining 4.1 billion share repurchase authorization to continue to buy back our stock opportunistically.
As far as our financial outlook, given the lower than expected growth and gross bookings in the first quarter and the trends we are seeing so far in the second quarter in our B2C business in particular in Vrbo, we are lowering our full year guidance to reflect the range of possible outcomes on the top line while we continue to invest in marketing to drive growth for Vrbo and international markets. As such, we believe our top line growth will now be in the range of mid to high single digit growth with EBITDA and EBIT margins relatively in line with last year. In the shorter term, we expect our second quarter to deliver top line growth in the mid single digits, which reflects a sequential acceleration in gross bookings from the first quarter, as we expect Vrbo to continue to improve from our marketing investments.
We expect revenue growth to be lower than the first quarter growth rate given the lower gross bookings in the first quarter the pull forward of Easter stays into the first quarter and the contra revenue arising from pricing actions. And with this revenue growth, along with our continued investments in marketing, to drive growth we expect some pressure in our second quarter EBITDA and EBIT margins versus last year. However, when combined with our first quarter outperformance, we expect EBITDA and EBIT margins to be relatively in line with last year to slightly above in the first half. In closing, despite the lower guidance, we remain committed to the long term opportunity that our transformation has given us to deliver profitable growth and shareholder returns.
And with that, let me turn the call over to Ariane.