Northern Trust Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript

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Operator

Good day, and welcome to the Northern Trust Corporation 4th Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. Today's conference is being recorded. At this time, I'd like to turn the conference over to Jennifer Child, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Jennifer Childe
Jennifer Childe
Senior VP & Director of Investor Relations at Northern Trust

Thank you, operator, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Northern Trust Corporation's 4th Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. Joining me on our call this morning is Mike O'Grady, our Chairman and CEO Dave Fox, our Chief Financial Officer John Landers, our Controller and Tres Stegman from our Investor Relations team. Our 4th quarter earnings press release and financial trends report are both available on our website at northerntrust.com. Also on our website, you will find our quarterly earnings review presentation, which we will use to guide today's conference call.

Jennifer Childe
Jennifer Childe
Senior VP & Director of Investor Relations at Northern Trust

This January 23 call is being webcast live on northerntrust.com. The only authorized rebroadcast of this call is the replay that will be made available on our website through February 23. Northern Trust disclaims any continuing accuracy of the information provided in this call after today. Please refer to our Safe Harbor statement regarding forward looking statements in the back of the accompanying presentation, which will apply to our commentary on this call. During today's question and answer session, please limit your initial query to 1 question and one related follow-up.

Jennifer Childe
Jennifer Childe
Senior VP & Director of Investor Relations at Northern Trust

This will allow us to move through the queue and enable as many people as possible the opportunity to ask questions as time permits. Thank you again for joining us. Let me turn the call over to Mike O'Grady.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Thank you, Jennifer. Let me join in welcoming you to our Q4 2024 earnings call. Our Q4 results capped off a solid year of progress executing against our strategic priorities. Relative to the prior year, 4th quarter trust fees were up 12% and net interest income grew 15%. Excluding notables in the prior year, revenue was up 13% and earnings per share grew by more than 50%.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Importantly, we generated positive trust fee and total operating leverage for the 2nd consecutive quarter, while continuing to make significant investments in our business and infrastructure. For the full year, excluding notables, revenue was up 8% and we generated positive trust fee operating leverage and total operating leverage in excess of 2 points, which translated into EPS growth of 24%. We also returned more than $400,000,000 to shareholders in the 4th quarter and $1,500,000,000 for the full year, reflecting a 5 year high. Our results benefited from strong market performance, but also reflect continued progress implementing our One Northern Trust strategy. Turning to Slide 4.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

At the beginning of last year, we launched our One Northern Trust strategy, which serves as our roadmap to becoming a consistently high performing company and producing meaningful value for all stakeholders. Our strategy is underpinned by 3 pillars: optimizing growth, strengthening resiliency and managing risk and driving productivity. Turning to Slide 5. We made significant progress across all three pillars in 2024. Let's begin with optimizing growth.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Our organic growth trajectory improved across all three businesses with good momentum exiting 2024. Our One Northern Trust strategy places an emphasis on enhancing the client experience while driving sustainable, scalable organic growth. Leveraging the capabilities of the entire firm, we deepened existing client relationships, adding products and services to meet their increasingly complex needs. We also embraced a more intentionally united focus for servicing our global client franchise, executing a joint calling program, which resulted in over 140 new business opportunities. As an example, Entam, our asset management business, worked in close partnership with our global family office and asset servicing businesses to develop a money market solution for a client seeking greater tax efficiency for its sizable cash investments.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

This turned out to be highly attractive to a number of our clients and we experienced one of the fastest fundraises in NTM history, raising nearly $3,000,000,000 over the course of 6 months with participation from 18 clients. As we enter 2025, we will further institutionalize these approaches through enterprise wide initiatives aligning with meeting our clients' greatest needs and key industry trends such as alternative investment solutions, family office services and liquidity solutions. We will also continue to prioritize growth in wealth and asset management and foster stronger collaboration between both businesses. Relative to strengthening resiliency and managing risk, critical to maintaining our reputation for strength and stability for clients, regulators and the markets, last year, we designed and launched a multiyear effort to uplift our risk and control system and added new capabilities to strengthen resiliency. We invested in technology to eliminate legacy software applications, mature our cloud environment and bolster our cyber defenses.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

We also made steady progress automating processes and adopting additional artificial intelligence tools, thereby reducing the number of manual processes meaningfully. In support of these initiatives, we created a new operating model and made a number of strategic hires. In 2025, we will continue to prioritize investments to further strengthen our resiliency, including modernizing our core platforms, accelerating our cloud adoption and pursuing additional opportunities to automate and deploy AI. We made meaningful progress driving productivity in 2024 and laid the groundwork to generate efficiencies in the coming years. We focused on key cross functional areas in 2024, such as workforce and vendors, ending the year with headcount 1% lower than 2 years ago, despite launching a number of growth initiatives and adding resources to support our resiliency efforts.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Within Asset Servicing, we've reduced headcount for 7 consecutive quarters, translating to a more than 7% decrease relative to peak staffing levels. Importantly, many of the resiliency initiatives have also resulted in significant savings, particularly from automation and digitization. Going forward, we will continue to enhance our productivity efforts, including leveraging the office of the Chief Operating Officer to implement more structural change to further centralize, standardize and automate operations and processes. Turning to our business unit level performance, beginning with Wealth Management on Slide 6. In 2024, we made foundational investments to deliver higher levels of organic growth on a more consistent basis.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

We grew our sales talent by nearly 20%, enhanced our lead flow channels and grew our prospect pipeline materially. More recently, we transitioned our executive leadership and made important strategic hires across various markets and functions. As a result of these efforts, we saw steady improvement throughout the year in our organic growth trajectory, with particular strength in GFO. We also increased wealth deposits by 9% and expanded our segment pretax margin by nearly 400 basis points relative to the prior year. And as a testament to the value proposition we provide to clients, we were awarded Best Private Bank in the U.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

S. For the 13th time in the past 16 years by the Financial Times Group. In 2025, Wealth Management will continue to maintain and strengthen our lead position in the upper wealth tiers. Within our Global Family Office business, we will continue to optimize existing client relationships, bolster investment advisory capabilities and expand into new markets, including international areas with significant potential. By establishing a separate ultrahigh net worth practice, we will leverage our world class family office platform to better serve wealthy families with more than $100,000,000 in net worth whose needs differ from those of our core wealth clients.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

We also plan to deepen our penetration of select target markets in the U. S. That have significant wealth and where we have an opportunity to increase our market share. To capitalize, we will add talent, invest in brand awareness and pursue market specific growth opportunities. We will also expand our suite of alternative investment solutions for wealth clients.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Turning to Asset Management on Slide 7. We refreshed our strategy in 2023 following the hiring of Daniel Gamba, our Asset Management President. This included focusing on products where we have the clear right to win and more fully leveraging the full capabilities of the firm. We made meaningful progress in 2024 through investing in our platform and in core products. We refined our go to market partnership with Asset Servicing, creating more comprehensive solutions for clients and prospects, which resulted in more than 35 new client wins.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Leveraging the success, we launched multiple products specifically geared toward the needs of our Asset Servicing, GFO and ultra high net worth wealth segments. As a result, we realized positive net flows for the year, including 13% growth in liquidity, which surpassed $300,000,000,000 in AUM and generated positive long term flows in the second half of the year. We also improved the trajectory of our organic fee growth meaningfully, all while delivering investment performance above our benchmarks. We aim to carry this momentum into 2025 by investing in areas of growth that are both aligned with secular trends in the industry and where we have the right to win. These include expanding our alternatives offerings, capturing growth in custom SMAs and broadening our ETF presence, while simultaneously maintaining our focus on core strength in liquidity solutions, indexing, quant and fixed income.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Turning to asset servicing on Slide 8. Last year, we began to pivot the focus of our Asset Servicing business to pursue scalable growth in the core business, leveraging existing capabilities rather than bespoke build outs to generate positive operating leverage and maximize our value to both clients and shareholders. To support this effort, we implemented disciplined criteria for new business generation to ensure that it is accretive both at inception and on an ongoing basis. As a result, we bid on fewer opportunities in 2024, yet saw no meaningful degradation to our win rate. We also prioritized growth within our highly scalable Capital Markets business, which grew 17% in 2024, with roughly 50% of this growth coming from new clients.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

These new clients in turn became prospects for our core custody and fund administration services. As a result, we finished the year with improved organic growth and profitability and a solid pipeline of business to onboard. In 2025, we will continue the momentum, investing in areas to support our clients' evolving needs and to capitalize on industry changes and asset flow trends. This includes sharpening our focus on global private markets and targeted asset owner clients and accelerating the growth of our Banking and Capital Markets business. I hope these additional slides have given you a deeper understanding of our business and strategic objectives.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Let's turn to our medium term financial targets on Slide 9. By focusing on driving organic growth and generating positive fee and total operating leverage, our medium term targets are to achieve an expense to trust fee ratio of 105% to 110%, pre tax margins above 30% and an ROE at the upper half of our range of 10% to 15%, along with double digit EPS growth and meaningful capital return to shareholders. In conclusion, we're confident in our One Northern Trust strategy and determined to execute with discipline to be a consistently high performing company for all our stakeholders. Our success couldn't be possible without the unwavering efforts of our more than 23,000 global partners. I'd like to thank them for their ongoing support of our clients with service, expertise and integrity, the enduring principles that underlie all that we do.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

And with that, I'll turn it over to Dave to review the financials. Dave?

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Thanks, Mike. Let me join Jennifer and Mike in welcoming you to our Q4 2024 earnings call. Let's discuss the financial results of the quarter starting on Page 11. This morning, we reported 4th quarter net income of 455,000,000 earnings per share of $2.26 and our return on average common equity was 15.3%. Excluding notables relative to the prior year, the stronger U.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

S. Dollar was immaterial to revenue growth, but favorably impacted our expense growth by approximately 50 basis points. Excluding notables relative to the prior quarter, currency impacts unfavorably impacted our 4th quarter revenue growth by approximately 50 basis points, largely within our asset servicing, custody and fund administration segment and favorably impacted our expense growth also by an approximately 50 basis points. Trust investment and other servicing fees totaled $1,200,000,000 a 2% sequential increase and a 12% increase compared to last year. Net interest income on an FTE basis was $574,000,000 a new record, up 1% sequentially and up 15% from a year ago.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Our assets under custody and administration were down 4% sequentially, but up 9% as compared to the prior year. Our assets under management were down 1% sequentially, but up 12% year over year. And overall, our credit quality remains very strong. Excluding notable items in all periods, other non interest income was up 13% sequentially and up 17% over the prior year. Revenue was up 3% sequentially and up 13% on a year over year basis.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Expenses were up 1.2% sequentially and up 5.5% over the prior year. And earnings per share increased by more than 50% as compared to the prior year. Turning to our Asset Servicing results on Page 12. Our Asset Servicing business performed well in the quarter. Transaction volumes were healthy, capital markets activities were up 20% and new business growth continues to be booked at attractive margins.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Assets under custody and administration for asset servicing clients were $15,600,000,000,000 atquarterend, reflecting a 9% year over year increase due to strong market levels and client inflows, partially offset by unfavorable currency movements. They were down sequentially due to unfavorable currency movements and weaker markets, particularly bonds. Asset servicing fees totaled 676,000,000 dollars custody and fund administration fees were $457,000,000 up 9% year over year, largely reflecting the impact from strong underlying equity markets and new business generation. Both year over year and sequential comparisons were dampened by the client exits we discussed in the Q2, which are now fully reflected in our run rate. Assets under management for asset servicing clients were $1,200,000,000,000 up 12% over the prior year.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Investment management fees within asset servicing were $157,000,000 up a strong 20% year over year due to favorable markets and new business activities. Moving to our Wealth Management business on Page 13. Wealth Management also had a healthy quarter with particular strength in GFO. Assets under management for our Wealth Management clients were $451,000,000,000 atquarterend, up 12% year over year, including 5% growth in the global family office AUM. Trust investment and other servicing fees for Wealth Management clients were $547,000,000 up 14% year over year due to strong equity markets and modestly higher flows.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Moving to Page 14 and our balance sheet net interest income trends. Our average earning assets were down 1% on a linked quarter basis as an increase in loans and securities was offset by a decline in cash held with the Fed and other central banks. Duration of our securities portfolio is 1.6 years and the total balance sheet duration continues to be less than 1 year. Net interest income on an FTE basis was $574,000,000 up 1% relative to the 3rd quarter and our net interest margin was 1.71%. The strength was attributable to several factors.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

First, the deposit mix came in modestly better than our expectations. Average deposits were $113,000,000,000 flat with 3rd quarter levels, but non interest bearing deposits increased 7% on a linked quarter basis and increased 100 basis points as a percentage of the total mix to 15.5%. 2nd, deposit pricing improved. As part of our focus on client liquidity management, we made certain pricing adjustments to be more aligned with current market conditions. And as expected, we continue to realize a very strong deposit beta on institutional accounts relative to 4th quarter rate cuts.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

3rd, we saw a pickup in loan activity. And 4th, we continue to have higher than trend quarterly contributions from transactional and other items, although not as strong as what we observed in the Q3. Turning to our expenses on Page 15. Non interest expense was approximately $1,400,000,000 in the 4th quarter, up 1% sequentially, but down 1% as compared to the prior year. Excluding notable items in the prior periods listed on the slide, expenses in the 4th quarter were up 1.2% sequentially and up 5.5% year over year.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Let's now go back and review our core expenses from the quarter. Compensation expense was up 5.5% over the prior year, reflecting the impact of this year's base pay adjustments, modest levels of hiring associated with our modernization initiative and underlying growth in the business. And outside services expenses increased 7% relative to the prior year period, largely due to incremental modernization and resiliency spend. It was down 2% sequentially as we started to see some consulting expense shift into compensation expense as we made permanent hires to replace consultants. Equipment and software expense increased 9% year over year, mostly related to higher depreciation and amortization expense and costs associated with our cloud journey.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

We generated over 600 basis points of trust fee operating leverage, nearly 800 basis points overall operating leverage and our expense to trust fee ratio improved by 100 basis points on a linked quarter basis to 113%. Turning to the full year's results on Page 16, trust fees were up 8% in 2024 due to both strong underlying markets and solid new business generation. We generated record NII, up 8% for the year, driven by sharply increasing deposits at the beginning of the year and stability over the remainder of the year, a healthy loan book and the multiple securities repositioning trades we completed. Total revenue on an FTE basis was up 22% for the full year and excluding notables, it was up 8%. Reported expenses were up 6.6% for the full year.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Excluding notables, they were up 6.1%, which includes the impact from our mid year decision to accelerate certain modernization and resiliency expenditures to offset a portion of the gains we realized from the Visa monetization. Turning to Page 17. Our capital levels and regulatory ratios remained strong in the quarter and we continue to operate at levels well above our required regulatory minima. Our common equity Tier 1 ratio under the standardized approach declined 20 basis points on a linked quarter basis to 12.4 percent as capital accretion was offset by a slight increase in RWA. Our Tier 1 leverage ratio was 8.1% flat with the prior quarter.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

At quarter end, our unrealized pre tax loss on available for sale securities was $598,000,000 We returned $403,000,000 to common shareholders in the quarter through cash dividends of $149,000,000 and common stock repurchases of $254,000,000 And for the full year, we returned over $1,500,000,000 reflecting a payout ratio of 78%, including share repurchases of $938,000,000 our highest level in 5 years. We continue to expect our total operating expense growth to be at or below 5% for the full year, excluding notable items in both periods. Turning to NII, for the Q1, we expect NII to be approximately $555,000,000 to $575,000,000 This assumes the current market implied forward curve, a flattish balance sheet on a dollar adjusted basis with stable deposit levels, a relatively stable deposit mix, stable pricing and modest currency headwinds. For the full year, again, assuming the market implied forward curve, we're expecting NII to increase by low single digits on a percentage basis. And with that, operator, please open the line for questions.

Operator

Thank you. You. And our first question today comes from Glenn Schorr with Evercore.

Glenn Schorr
Senior Managing Director at Evercore

Hi, thanks very much. Quick follow-up and thank you for the NII guide. I'm just curious on the durability of some of the underlying trends, meaning the 7% growth in non interest bearing deposits in the quarter, like was there some parking of cash by clients that naturally flows out? And then if you could just clarify, when you talked about made pricing decisions in line with market conditions, is that just rates came down and you lowered some deposit pricing on clients? Thanks.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Yes. Thanks for that question. I think, non interest bearing deposits were up over $1,000,000,000 I think that's probably higher than other quarters. And my guess would be that there's some seasonality to that number. And certainly, we welcome it.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

But ultimately, it's not out of step with what we've seen in the past. In terms of the pricing adjustments, and we've talked about this before, really have put a lot of effort behind our overall liquidity management and balance sheet management as it relates to deposits. And so when we think about our pricing adjustments, it's more than just a normal course of business type of pricing adjustment. It's really taking a look at all the multiple currencies that we do manage on our deposit base and having a much more fulsome review of everything we're doing and making sure those betas are consistent with what we think they should be.

Glenn Schorr
Senior Managing Director at Evercore

Okay. I appreciate it. The other one I want to talk on is alternatives were a big part of your objectives across each of the wealth asset management and asset servicing objectives. So my question is, A, are things accelerating? And then maybe you could talk about what is already built, what needs to be built?

Glenn Schorr
Senior Managing Director at Evercore

And then I think we're all curious on some specifics like what product what asset classes are seeing the most demand in?

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Sure. Thanks very

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

much.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

So Glenn,

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

I'll take that. And you're right that Alternative Investment Solutions is something that cuts across each of the three businesses. And I think the way to think about it is instead of necessarily the businesses, but think about the solutions that we're providing. So from an investor perspective, whether that's our wealth clients and the segments within that or institutional clients, can we bring a broader set of solutions that we're clients, can we bring a broader set of solutions to them on this front for private market solutions. And so right now, we offer that through 50 South Capital, which is a part of our asset management business and that's in a largely a fund to fund structure.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

We've seen great success with that. We raised over $1,000,000,000 that we closed on this year for that. So that's one of the solutions for a subset of the investors. But in addition to that, we also have a platform that has another private capital managers on it, so different funds. And at this point, to your point, it's built out if you will, but we think that we can offer more options on that platform.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

So that's another way to build it out. And also when you talk about what needs to be done, we want to make sure that all of our portfolio managers are fully versed in the various types of private capital alternatives. And so you have, I'll call it that education and training part of it to make sure that that is in place. And then as I mentioned, institutional as well with our asset servicing business, not only can we offer it through the vehicles that I talked about there like 50 South, but also we can offer it in an advisory capacity. And so working with larger institutions that will then want us to provide advisory services on their the portion of their portfolio that's in alternatives.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

So that's on the investor side. When you think about the private capital firms on that front, there's a lot that we can provide to them as well. Certainly capital call facilities, but also banking solutions for the entities themselves and then very much so on the administration front. And there I would say if you think about specific areas in Europe, for example, where semi liquids are growing at a very high rate, whether that's the structures that are in the UK like the long term asset funds or LTAFs or in Europe with a similar type structure, they're growing at a high rate and we have a very strong position in that, so providing services to the firms. And then finally, I would say also to the principles of these firms.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

If we're working with them on the two fronts that I talked about there, we want to make them wealth management clients as well and have done that, but look to grow that part of the business as well.

Glenn Schorr
Senior Managing Director at Evercore

I appreciate all that. Thank you.

Operator

And the next question will come from Brennan Hawken with UBS.

Brennan Hawken
Brennan Hawken
Senior Analyst & Equity Research at UBS Group

Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Love to start out maybe a bit granular. In the past, you guys have spoken to targeting keeping the expense growth in 2025 at 5% or better. Dave, you had some comments that you made in a December industry conference where it seemed as though there was a little bit of uncertainty around that.

Brennan Hawken
Brennan Hawken
Senior Analyst & Equity Research at UBS Group

Could you maybe clarify, is that a reasonable level to expect for 2025? And if not, what are the variables that we should watch?

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Yes. Thanks for that question. I was in the chair maybe a month and a half or 2 months when I was asked that question. And now that I've been in the chair for 4 months and have gone through our planning period for 25, I have very strong conviction around the 5% or below number. So let's take that issue off the table, if you will.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

And obviously what we try to do is in putting that number out, we don't put it out in isolation. So our North Star is obviously what Mike talked about earlier, which is positive operating leverage. But at the end of the day, we know that the markets were pretty buoyant in 2024. We want to prepare ourselves to have a resilient business model. And the only way to do that is to keep driving expense curve down.

Brennan Hawken
Brennan Hawken
Senior Analyst & Equity Research at UBS Group

Got it. That's very clear. Thanks, Dave. And then taking a step back, you guys provided some good details here in your strategic update laying out the progress. But I'd like to maybe lay out a question that I get from investors a lot, which is the ROE targets.

Brennan Hawken
Brennan Hawken
Senior Analyst & Equity Research at UBS Group

Do you think that the ROE targets are ambitious enough? The lower end of the range doesn't really suggest a ton of improvement from recent levels. And why is it that we haven't seen those ROE targets move higher, particularly as we've seen maybe some of the growth rates begin to slow?

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Yes. So we've had to your point the 10% to 15% range for some time. And that does cover different market environments and also different capital requirements as those regulations have changed over time. And then we've seen even in the past couple of years here where there was the expectation there was going to be more capital. Now we may be in a different environment where those requirements are not going to be as high.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

So that's what it would take into account. To your question of why not higher per se, certainly we're driving to higher returns on capital, but we're also trying to drive to growth. And so if you just said, could you hit a higher ROE, you could, but you might be detracting from your ability to grow the business, which we think it's the combination that you want over time. And as I mentioned in my comments earlier, Brennan, we're certainly shooting for the top half of that range. And in fact, in this quarter, as you saw, we were over the top end of the range.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

So it's not to say we're trying to constrict the returns. It's just saying we want the optimal combination between growth and returns.

Brennan Hawken
Brennan Hawken
Senior Analyst & Equity Research at UBS Group

Okay. Thanks for that color.

Operator

And moving on to Betsy Graseck with Morgan Stanley.

Betsy Graseck
Betsy Graseck
Managing Director at Morgan Stanley

Hi, good morning.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Good morning.

Betsy Graseck
Betsy Graseck
Managing Director at Morgan Stanley

During the prepared remarks, you were talking about how you've been able to get some of the expense improvements from asset servicing business line in addition to others obviously, but in the asset servicing piece, with some headcount reduction, if I heard you correctly. And the reason I'm asking the question is Northern Trust has a long history of excellent quality service, right? Service quality is the other North Star that you've got for yourselves, if I could borrow that phrase. And I'm wondering how have you been able to reduce headcount and keep that service quality high? In the past, it's been this friction point that's kept, I think, the organization from executing the kind of efficiencies that you're seeing now.

Betsy Graseck
Betsy Graseck
Managing Director at Morgan Stanley

And could you help us understand what is it that you're doing differently that's enabling this headcount reduction while maintaining the service quality? Is it something to do with where technology is today? Is it the AI? Is it something totally different how you're organized? Thank you.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Let me start and then Dave may want to add. But Betsy, you're right and you can say that service quality is another North Star, if you will, for us because it is something that we look to differentiate ourselves. And to your point, what we're trying to do is maintain that, but also gain much greater efficiency in how we provide those services. And so just one thing I would say that we've done that's fundamentally different here is how we've organized our activities, how we've organized the company. And going back to kind of a little past midway in 2024 where we created the Chief Operating Officer role with Pete Cherowicz and moved the operations into that group.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

That's so that we can gain much greater efficiency out of the operational aspect of that business. So we can get greater centralization, standardization, automation. And when we do that, our view is that will make those services better, that will get greater resiliency from doing that, but also just ease of use. And a lot of that does come with investments in technology to be able to do that. But we believe that it makes the business more scalable as well.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

So that's the way we can, I believe, maintain both?

Betsy Graseck
Betsy Graseck
Managing Director at Morgan Stanley

Okay. And how do you see the forward look here? How many more years of this do you feel that you have to be able to leverage this new structure?

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Yes. I would say that it does take some time to gain the full benefits of what we're talking about here. So the way we've looked at some of the things we're doing here is these are, we say multi year, but that means kind of 2 to 3 years where you're really getting, I'll say, the greatest benefit. But then importantly, we're trying to set it up in such a way that it's sustainable as well. And so you continue to get additional benefits over time.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

But you're right, you're going to capture more in the first kind of 2 to 3 years of it before it reaches that level.

Betsy Graseck
Betsy Graseck
Managing Director at Morgan Stanley

Thanks so much.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Sure.

Operator

And the next question will come from Ebrahim Poonwala with Bank of America.

Ebrahim Poonawala
Ebrahim Poonawala
Managing Director - Head of North American Banks Research at Bank of America Merrill Lynch

Good morning. Good morning. I just wanted to follow-up on the global family office piece looking at the Slide 13. Just talk to us, it was a priority in 2024, I'm assuming it remains a bit area of focus. When we think about the revenue growth, whether or not that should be sort of leading the way going forward on a year over year basis, pretty strong growth in revenues within the GFO segment.

Ebrahim Poonawala
Ebrahim Poonawala
Managing Director - Head of North American Banks Research at Bank of America Merrill Lynch

It sort of plateaued out over the last few quarters. If you can talk to how we should think about revenue growth within GFO given the investments you made, given just the secular growth in that segment would be helpful.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Sure. I'm happy to do that. What I would say is, GFO probably had its strongest year than it's ever had in terms of organic growth. It was exceptional, very high single digit organic growth. And we've also been reaching out more to international markets as well.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

And so from that perspective, it was a great year. Also keep in mind that our assets under management in the Q4 were up 5%. And I think there is a lag effect there, right? So depending on when you bring that business in, you'll see it in your numbers. And so there's that issue as well.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

So I wouldn't say that it actually has plateaued. What I would tell you is the pipeline looks the GFO pipeline actually looks more robust going into 2025 than it did in 2024.

Ebrahim Poonawala
Ebrahim Poonawala
Managing Director - Head of North American Banks Research at Bank of America Merrill Lynch

Understood. And maybe just a separate question. So heard you on the NII guide. How should we think about the gearing of the balance sheet? 1, do you think we'll be at a point where if the Fed were not to do anything rates stay more or less the same, NII and deposit balances should grow from here all else equal?

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Yes. I mean, we're still anticipating a certain number of rate cuts, at least a couple this year in the U. S. And then globally, there's a lot of other potential rate cuts that are in our numbers as well. Keep in mind, our deposits aren't all in dollars.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

So we obviously did some pricing adjustments, which help on the NII front as well. We also have a pickup in loan activity, which we think it could continue into next year. So there's a lot of different puts and takes when you get into the NII number apart from just the various cuts in interest rate cycles.

Ebrahim Poonawala
Ebrahim Poonawala
Managing Director - Head of North American Banks Research at Bank of America Merrill Lynch

But rate cuts alone, would that be incrementally positive or negative given the bad balance sheet mix?

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Well, we think obviously if there are less rate cuts that's better.

Ebrahim Poonawala
Ebrahim Poonawala
Managing Director - Head of North American Banks Research at Bank of America Merrill Lynch

Okay. Got it. Thank you.

Operator

And moving on to Alex Blostein with Goldman Sachs.

Alex Blostein
Alex Blostein
Managing Director at Goldman Sachs

Hey, Mike. Hi, Dave. Good morning, everybody. I wanted to ask you guys a question around expenses again. So I heard you loud and clear on the at or below the 5% number.

Alex Blostein
Alex Blostein
Managing Director at Goldman Sachs

I guess in the past, the revenue base or rather the expense base, sorry, used to flex a little bit more up and down with revenues. So I just want to understand a little better, has that changed at all, meaning that if you are in a sort of better fee environment in 2025 versus where you're contemplating, are you still kind of committing to the 5% as the upper end of that? And maybe a better way to ultimately calibrate this is to talk about the expense to fee ratio that you expect for the full year 2025?

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Yes. So I'll start on that, Alex. And to your point, there's always going to be a relationship between the expenses and the revenues, even with the market impact or rate impact, I'll call it on NII and even the capital markets activities. So just take capital markets as an example because we don't talk about that as much. We had a lot of success with capital markets this year and saw double digit growth on the revenue side.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

There are certain expenses that come with that. If you think about just clearing expenses and things like that. The same thing with asset management, where depending on how the asset management products are distributed, there are some costs that go with that as well. And so we had again successful year with asset management, capital markets, both of those very scalable products for us, which is good, but there is going to be some expense that comes with the additional growth. So that's just then I'll call it the relationships that there.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

That said, we believe that we're trying to get less of that flex, if you will. And so if you look at the Q4 here, obviously, strong revenues and expenses still at a level that's higher than we think it should be and that what we're aiming for, but it created a significant amount of operating leverage on that front. Now as the revenue growth goes down, that's where we have to push that down faster and harder. So we're trying to hold it down even when revenues are more robust and then when it's much tighter, ensuring that we keep them much more under control.

Alex Blostein
Alex Blostein
Managing Director at Goldman Sachs

Got you. Yes, I know that all makes sense. And like obviously, ultimately higher revenue comes with higher expenses and that's a high cost problem. But I guess as you think about the expense to fee ratio, which would kind of normalize for that flex, so to speak, what do you guys are aiming for, for 2025?

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Yes. So without putting a pin in on a number for 2025, definitely looking for positive fee operating leverage, which would drive that down. We're at 115 for the year. We're at 113 for the quarter. So you can see the trajectory.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

And the reason why we use that ratio, as you know, Alex, is because that essentially is trying to say, how do we take some of that flex out of the financial model, if you will. And so we've identified the 105 to 110 as a level that says that's the right level of efficiency that we're able to maintain in providing those services and having them at the right level of service, but also to the extent that you do see revenues come down, your expenses are not too high, if you will. And therefore, you've essentially taken some of that again flex out of it on the downside. So no specific target for this year other than continued progress into that range.

Alex Blostein
Alex Blostein
Managing Director at Goldman Sachs

Got it. Okay. That's perfect. Thank you guys.

Operator

And our next question comes from David Smith with Truist Securities.

David Smith
David Smith
Vice President Equity Research at Truist Securities

Good morning. Your capital levels are still pretty elevated versus your closest peers at 12.4 percent CET1. Can you talk about how you expect to use your capital in the near term and where you might want to bring your capital levels to over the next year or so?

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Sure. So I would agree, we have very strong capital levels right now and that's a result of both the strong income generation, but also the benefit of the Visa gain that we had earlier this year. That's enabled us to repurchase stock at a higher level. And that's how we think about that lever is the share repurchases can flex up and down depending on our capital levels. So we would expect as we go into 2025 to continue at this pace.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

We're, as I mentioned, very comfortable at the current capital levels, but also would be comfortable moving them down somewhat. We have a target range to be above some of our closest peers when it comes to capital, but the level that we're at right now is very comfortable and gives us the room to be able to do more. Dave mentioned for this year, if you exclude the notables, our total payout ratio was in the area of about 78%. We would expect to be at that level or higher as we go into 2025.

David Smith
David Smith
Vice President Equity Research at Truist Securities

Thank you. And then separately on NII, if I just take the midpoints of your 1Q and full year NII guides, it would suggest NII staying pretty consistent throughout the year, at least on average. Is there anything that we should be considering in terms of the cadence there across the cuts in the forward curve as well as your expectations for loan growth or balance sheet shifts?

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Yes. I mean one thing to keep in mind with us as it relates to NII is that we are a very liability driven institution. And so and that's why to Mike's points about capital, that's why we keep this excess capital. And so for example, we saw a very large pickup in our loan activity over the last quarter. And so we want to make sure our balance sheet is there for our clients.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

We can't always predict when that's going to be, when they're going to want to put deposits on or take loans out or things of that nature. So, we've guided still for deposit for the NII to be up over the course of the entire year by low single digits. But at the end of the day, trying to land on the head of a pin as to exactly when that's going happen quarter by quarter is going to be difficult to do for the entire year.

David Smith
David Smith
Vice President Equity Research at Truist Securities

Understood. Thanks.

Operator

And we'll take a question from Brian Bedell with Deutsche Bank.

Brian Bedell
Director at Deutsche Bank Securities

Hi. Good morning, folks. Thanks for taking my question. Good morning. Maybe just to stick along that, the NII line and then correlate that with expenses because clearly, you're what you can manage more with more certainty is the expense to trust fee ratio.

Brian Bedell
Director at Deutsche Bank Securities

I guess the question is to the extent NII oscillates around that target range, let's say if it's lower, are you still keeping a target of generating total operating leverage on total revenue, not just fees, but combined with NII? Or would you just really just focus on the fee side?

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

So here's what I would say. So we're trying to build a sustainable financial model that can last through all cycles. So at the end of the day, the cost curve has to go down regardless of markets, right? We can't rely on things we don't control. And so when you look at what we're trying to do over time is really get that expense line to stand up and not be dependent on a particular market dynamic.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

And so the earlier comments that we made around the growth in expenses, that's market driven. That doesn't mean that all the other expenses, if we have a great year in II are going to go up sequentially, right? We've got to keep a lid on all the other stuff that's not market driven and that's going to remain a goal regardless of the NII number.

Brian Bedell
Director at Deutsche Bank Securities

Yes. That's good color. And then maybe just shifting over to the wealth management business and the sort of the mission of improving the penetration within that channel for Northern Trust managed products and good success last couple of quarters with the cash product that you mentioned, Mike, which we can see in the results. How are you envisioning that over the next year, 1 to 2 years in longer term product? Back several years ago, you I think the mix of ANTAM product within the channel was in the north of 40%.

Brian Bedell
Director at Deutsche Bank Securities

It's in the high 30s now. Do you see that getting back to the mid, say, low to mid 40s over time? And then how do you think about the incremental revenue pickup from doing that? Or is that kind of neutral?

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

No. We see it as a positive. And we say that in the sense that we really have the asset management business and wealth management business working closely together. We made some fundamental organizational changes going back over a year ago to better align that I'll call it the coverage of wealth management by asset management, the wealth client group. And in the past year, we've seen the benefits.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

It's still, I would say, in the early days as to how that will flow through. But the idea is by better covering them, if you will, understanding what the needs are of wealth management, we can provide a broader set of alternatives that are aligned with what the needs are of our wealth management clients. So that's been a real positive. In addition, I would say what we've seen is the opportunity to further segment the solutions that we're providing on behalf of NTM to the wealth management business. So my point being the needs of our GFO clients from an asset management perspective are different than those for, let's say, our core wealth group.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

And so how do we differentiate that offering? And then importantly, when we talk about the ultra high net worth segment, so think about $100,000,000 plus but not full family office, that's where we see further opportunity to tailor what we're providing to them. Some of that will be through alternatives, which I talked about earlier, but it's a broader set of capabilities as well. You heard about ETFs, for example, we're going to look to provide more ETFs that fit with the core needs of the wealth client base. So we see opportunity with the businesses working closely together going forward.

Brian Bedell
Director at Deutsche Bank Securities

Great. Thank you.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Sure.

Operator

And moving on to Jim Mitchell with Seaport Global Securities.

James Mitchell
Senior Equity Analyst at Seaport Global Securities

Hey, good morning. Maybe just on asset servicing, so you guys obviously have narrowed your focus to more back office custody. So it seems like the pipeline is still pretty solid. But how do you think about the organic growth from here, the trade off between that and the improving incremental margins? And then secondly, how do you think of it sounds like a lot of your larger peers are attempting the same strategy.

James Mitchell
Senior Equity Analyst at Seaport Global Securities

So have you seen pricing pressure or competition increase for pure custody deals? Thanks.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Sure. So our business at this point is relatively balanced in between what we do for asset owners globally and what we do for asset managers. So we feel good about that mix.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

And so going forward, we would look for the growth rates to be similar, the organic growth rates. That is not necessarily been the case over the last 5, 10 plus years where we were growing out the asset manager side of the business. By its nature and what we do on that front, the asset owner side is a more scalable business for us. So by having that balance, that's why when we talk about optimized growth and scalable growth in this business, it aligns with bringing on new business that is less, I'll say resource intensive. But not to say that in any way we're carving back or pulling back from a particular market or a service that we're providing.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

To your point, as we go forward here, we see strong business on both fronts and frankly, improvements in I'll say the pricing conditions in the market is very favorable. Whether it's favorable for ourselves and our competitors that's fine as well. In 2024, there are a number of situations where we declined to participate in providing a bid or participate in the RFPs because we didn't see pricing that reflected what we're doing. It certainly benefits us.

James Mitchell
Senior Equity Analyst at Seaport Global Securities

Okay.

James Mitchell
Senior Equity Analyst at Seaport Global Securities

Just to clarify, so pricing you feel has been better as companies just focus more on margins. Is that the takeaway?

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

I think I can only speak specifically for us, but I would say absolutely. We've already seen that in the I'll call it the portfolio of new business for 2024, which again transitions over essentially the next kind of 12 months to 18 months. But it is a higher margin business for us because we are very intentional about that.

James Mitchell
Senior Equity Analyst at Seaport Global Securities

Right. Great. Thanks for that.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Sure.

Operator

And our next question will come from Steven Chubak with Wolfe Research.

Steven Chubak
Managing Director at Wolfe Research LLC

Hi, good morning. Good morning. So wanted to start off with a question, just given the strong performance and better organic growth that was cited for Wealth and Asset Servicing. Looking given the favorable trends that were cited, I was hoping you could just speak to what drove the more subdued AUM and AUC growth relative to peers 4Q? And are there any future plans to maybe include organic fee or asset growth targets in addition to the medium term targets that you just unveiled?

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Yes. Thanks for that question. Looking at asset servicing in particular, just take one issue off the table, it was not a result of any client losses. Our client activity was very good in the quarter. Yes, it's important to note that currency movements were about 80% of the sequential decline.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

We also have a pretty high exposure to certain markets like fixed income that were lower. And the broader international markets also had some issues as well. So it was really more that than anything else.

Steven Chubak
Managing Director at Wolfe Research LLC

And regarding any potential plans to include future organic fee or asset growth targets as part of like the range of targets that you guys just revealed?

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Not at this point. And part of it is just the I'll call it the calculation, the determination of organic growth does involve estimates for the impacts of markets and currencies and things like that. So it's a great metric and KPI for us to drive the business at a granular level for us. But it's not, if you will, kind of a reportable number. And therefore, that's why we talked about it in the terms that we do.

Steven Chubak
Managing Director at Wolfe Research LLC

Understood. And if I could squeeze one more similar line of questioning to what Brendan asked on the medium term targets, but I actually want to drill down into pre tax margin target. Given you already achieved a 30% profitability level in the back half of this year, heard a lot on this call about the commitment to drive better efficiency from here. I was hoping to get some perspective or context as to what informed the decision to set the bar at 30% and not something higher in terms of the longer term objectives.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Sure. So to your point, we hit 30% for the quarter, but we didn't hit 30% for the year. So we're still working our way into that range, which over extended time periods, we've been in the 30 plus percent pre tax margin range. And the rationale is similar to what I mentioned with Brennan's question, which is we're trying to drive the combination of growth and returns. So getting the margin up to some very high level, if you will, but doing so by essentially cutting off growth is not going to produce the greatest value for shareholders.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

And so we think that that right combination is in that kind of 30 plus range. So if you said low 30s, that's the area we've seen where we can have that best combination of growth and returns.

Steven Chubak
Managing Director at Wolfe Research LLC

Understood. Thanks so much for taking my questions.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Sure.

Operator

And next will be Gerard Cassidy with RBC.

Gerard Cassidy
Gerard Cassidy
Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets

Hi, Mike. Hi, Dave.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Good morning.

Gerard Cassidy
Gerard Cassidy
Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets

David, when you mentioned in response to one of the questions about your Northern is focused on building a sustainable financial

Gerard Cassidy
Gerard Cassidy
Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets

model.

Gerard Cassidy
Gerard Cassidy
Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets

Can you through the cycles, can you define what that sustainable financial model is from your viewpoint?

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

Yes. I mean, obviously, it means, you can't rely on factors you don't control, right? So, when you think about expenses, that's obviously a huge focus and you think about organic growth. Those are the 2 things you can spend a lot of your time on making sure you control those elements. And so you're always going to get buffeted by external events.

David Fox
David Fox
Chief Financial Officer at Northern Trust

There's nothing you can do about that, but you certainly can't predict it and you definitely don't control it. So the more organic growth you've got built into your model, the more resiliency you've got in your financial model and that's sustainable through time. So that is the overall goal is to get that expense curve down and get the organic growth up so that we can weather the storm if there is one going forward.

Gerard Cassidy
Gerard Cassidy
Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets

Very good. Thank you. And then a more macro question for Mike and you Dave. What are some of the optimism? Many investors, we all seem to be sharing this optimism about the outlook for your business as well as the markets in general for 2025, the economy.

Gerard Cassidy
Gerard Cassidy
Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets

We have a new administration coming in as we all know. What are the risks that you guys keep your eyes on aside from the geopolitical global risks, which we all know about. But when you guys sit around at the end of the day and the outlook again appears to be optimistic, but what are the risks that you talk about and always keep your eyes on?

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

Sure. So it's interesting, Gerard, because it's basically, I'll say the opposite of what Dave just said, right, which is we focus on the things we can control. And then I'll say, we worry about all these things that we can't control. And that's the nature of, I'll say, the business we're in for our clients, so that we are resilient, we are trying to look forward, but also just being a market participant and trying to generate obviously financial returns as well. And so the things that we focus on or are concerned about do relate to the macro environment and what could happen to the extent that markets are down significantly.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

How are we prepared for that? Again, not just financially, but also for our clients or to the extent that there are, I'll say like operational risks in the environment that come as a result of greater volatility. How are we prepared for surge volumes in different parts of our business? So it's those types of things that are the greatest concern. Certainly, central bank activity has a big impact on our business because it can affect the level of liquidity in the markets and it can also affect the rates that are earned and we're carrying obviously a large balance sheet.

Michael O'grady
Michael O'grady
Chairman & CEO at Northern Trust

And when you think about time periods where we've had 0 interest rates or negative in parts of the globe, that puts a lot of pressure again, not only on our clients, but on our financial model. And then when you see rates spike up, you get a different impact. So it's those types of things that where it's less about, I'll say, predicting what's going to happen and more about just being prepared for what could happen.

Gerard Cassidy
Gerard Cassidy
Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets

Very good. Thank you,

Gerard Cassidy
Gerard Cassidy
Managing Director at RBC Capital Markets

Michael.

Operator

Sure. Thank you. And that does conclude the question and answer session. I'll now turn the conference back over to Jennifer Child, Director of Investor Relations.

Jennifer Childe
Jennifer Childe
Senior VP & Director of Investor Relations at Northern Trust

Thank you, operator, and thanks everyone for joining us today. We look forward to speaking with you again in the future.

Operator

Thank you. And that does conclude today's conference call. We do thank you for your participation. Have an excellent day.

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Executives
    • Jennifer Childe
      Jennifer Childe
      Senior VP & Director of Investor Relations
    • Michael O'grady
      Michael O'grady
      Chairman & CEO
    • David Fox
      David Fox
      Chief Financial Officer
Analysts
Earnings Conference Call
CAVA Group Q4 2024
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