MarketAxess Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript

AlphaStreet
Provided by AlphaStreet
February 6, 2025
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Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing-by. Welcome to the Market 4th-Quarter and Full-Year 2024 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press followed by the number-one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, you may press the star line again. And as a reminder, this conference call is being recorded on February 6, 2025.

I would now like to turn the conference over to Steve Davidson, Head of Investor Relations at Market Access. Please go-ahead, sir.

Stephen Davidson
Head of Investor Relations at MarketAxess

Good morning, and welcome to the MarketAxess 4th-Quarter and Full-Year 2024 earnings conference call. For the call, Chris, Chief Executive Officer will provide you with a strategic update. Rich Shiffman, Global Head of Trading Solutions will update you on our trading businesses and then Eileen Fazelle, Chief Financial Officer will review the financial results.

Before I turn the call over to Chris, let me remind you that today's call may include forward-looking statements. These statements represent the company's beliefs regarding future events that by their nature are uncertain. The company's actual results and financial condition may differ materially from what is indicated in those forward-looking statements.

For a discussion of some of the risks and factors that could affect the company's future results, please see the description of risk factors in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended, 31 December 2023. I would also direct you to read the forward-looking statements disclaimer in our quarterly earnings release, which was issued earlier this morning and is now available on our website.

Now let me turn the call over to Chris.

Chris Concannon
Chief Executive Officer at MarketAxess

Good morning, and thank you for joining us to review our 4th-quarter and full-year 2024 financial results. Before I provide my strategic update, I would like to welcome Roberto Hornweg to our Board of Directors effective March 1, 2025. For wealth of experience in fixed-income and international markets will be integral to our continued global expansion.

Now turning to Slide 3 of my strategic update. We've reported solid financial results for the year with 9% growth in revenue, our strongest annual revenue growth rate since 2020 with record commission revenue and record services revenue. In 2024, we also made solid progress with our high-touch strategy focused on meeting both the portfolio trading and block trading needs of our clients. We generated record levels of portfolio trading ADD in 2024 with record levels of US high-grade portfolio trading estimated market-share.

Building on our focus on blocks during the year, we launched our Block trading solution late in Q4 in emerging markets and Eurobonds, and we will be rolling out our full high-touch block solution in US credit at the end of Q1 this year. To be clear, 2024 was a build year and now 2025 will be a year of delivery and execution. We will be highly focused on growing our market-share across our leading client-initiated channel, the portfolio trading channel and the dealer-initiated channel. And we plan to regularly report back on our progress in each of these channels.

Slide 4 illustrates the record levels of credit and rates ADD we delivered in 2024. In credit, we generated a record $712 million in commission revenue and record commission revenue across most product areas on record total credit ADV. We have maintained our leadership position in client-initiated RFQ and US credit, while growing across our other product areas in emerging markets, Eurobonds, munis and rates. Our challenge was US credit market-share across key protocols.

I will walk you through how our enhanced functionality, differentiated data and innovative client solutions are expected to drive increased revenue and market-share in 2025. Turning to our rates business, we have been very pleased with our growth in 2024. Trading ADD and our client-focused rates pool increased significantly from $2.9 billion per day-in first-Q '24 to $11.4 billion ADV in Q4. A lot of this growth was driven by more clients leveraging our rates algos, which they use to work larger block orders with low market impact over a specific time range. In 2025, we expect to see more usage of our client algos as we migrate clients to Pragma technology launching in Q1.

Slide 5 illustrates the strong progress we have made with our high-touch block strategy. First, in terms of portfolio trading, we gained over 200 basis-points in share in US high-grade portfolio trading in 2024, while we rolled-out our new Expro platform and delivered portfolio trading tools in emerging markets, Eurobonds and munis. In the 4th-quarter, with the launch of our global PT offering, portfolio trading in eurobonds doubled to approximately $11 billion in volume compared to 3Q '24.

In emerging markets, our portfolio trading ADD was up 175% for the full-year 2024 versus 2023. And I'm pleased to report that we did over $400 million in portfolio trading volume in munis in 2024. Turning to our high-touch block solution. During 2024, we continued our investment in our Block trading solution and now we are seeing early signs of progress.

Since our launch in emerging markets in late November, we've done over $0.5 billion in block trades with over 75% of trades won by dealers recommended by our proprietary pre-trade selection tool. That win rate substantially reduces information leakage on our platform. The feedback from clients and dealers is very positive as we expand our pre-trade analytics and block solutions into Eurobonds and US credit in Q1 '25.

Before I discuss the expected drivers of our growth in 2025, we released our January trading metrics yesterday, which reflect continued elevated market volumes and disappointing US high-grade market-share. We have always guided investors to look at longer-term trends and not read too much into the month-over-month fluctuations in our market-share as we experienced in January.

During the month of January, we saw continued spread tightening and low spread volatility. We also saw a sizable jump-in block volumes in the market and a drop-in non-block volumes. Both factors have an impact on our high-grade market-share, but they make us even more focused on solving the block trading solution for our clients. We have a clear strategy to return to-market share growth in US credit across our three channels. And we believe that we will begin to see the benefits of our investments and acquisitions in 2025, which I will now walk you through on the next slide.

Slide 6 highlights the enhanced functionality, differentiated data and innovative client solutions that we expect to drive growth in 2025. As I mentioned earlier, our key initiatives are focused on these three channels. The client-initiated channel where we have a clear leadership position in smaller-sized trades and are focused on increasing our block share. The portfolio trading channel, we are very excited that we just launched our global benchmark portfolio trading solution, we also saw a pickup in high-yield portfolio trading market-share in January. And the dealer-initiated channel where we have been in the process of enhancing our dealer solutions.

Slide 7 lays out the key deliverables for 2025 as we realize the benefits of our investments, tech modernization and acquisitions. First, in the client-initiated channel, with our high-touch solution, we are focused on the global rollout of our Block trading solution, which began in EM in December. Have launched in this quarter and we are on-target to launch our high-touch block trading in the first-half of this year. With our low-touch solutions, we are expanding our automation suite with products like Adaptive Auto-X to support our global product set and integrate our client outgo solutions with key markets like.

In terms of Expro, our goal is to roll-out traditional RFQ on EXPRO in Europe in the first-half of 2025 while expanding our high-touch and portfolio trading tools in the US. Next, in the portfolio trading channel, we are expecting a full rollout of global benchmark pricing for portfolio trading and we will continue to enhance our offering.

And last, in the dealer-initiated channel, dealer RFQ is expected to benefit from the migration to Expro for dealers and we are looking to relaunch Mid Exxon Pragma technology both in the first-half of 2025. Our expectation is that the client initiative and portfolio trading channels will be feature complete in the first-half of 2025 and the enhancements for our dealer initiative channel will be launched and available to dealers in Q2.

Slide 8 frames the US high-grade market opportunity and the market channels that we are attacking to grow our share. First, the client initiated channel is an estimated $690 million revenue opportunity, representing approximately 63% of the total estimated e-trading opportunity in US high-grade. This is where we have a clear leadership position and have very-high share in small-size trades. Blocks made-up 39% of the market at the end of 2024 and electronic penetration is very low. This is the most exciting opportunity in the market for us and we are already seeing positive trends.

Next is the portfolio trading channel, which is important from a market-share perspective, but smaller from a revenue perspective. Expro and the pre-trade analytics that fuel Expro have been integral to our share gains in portfolio trading. Last is the dealer-initiated channel, which is also attractive, representing approximately $310 million or 28% of the TAM. We are attacking this channel with our dealer RFQ, our automation for dealers, mid X and live markets protocols, supported by our data and our new XPRO for dealers.

Now let me turn the call over to Rich to provide you with an update on our trading businesses.

Richard Schiffman
Global Head of Trading Solutions at MarketAxess

Thanks, Chris. On Slide 10, we highlight the key performance indicators for our trading businesses across channels for full-year 2024. As this slide clearly shows, with the exception of US credit market-share, the key performance indicators across our platform are largely green in 2024, reflecting the underlying fundamental strength of our business.

And as Chris highlighted, we have a comprehensive plan and are laser-focused to address our US credit market challenges. First, across our client-initiated channel, we generated record US credit ADV, up 10% to $8 billion. We saw strong growth in international product ADV to a record $5 billion, up 17%. The EM local markets are the largest opportunity in EM from an addressable market perspective.

We produced record local markets ADV of over $1.4 billion, up 18%. Our performance in municipal bonds is a positive example of our product diversification strategy with record ADV up 22% and record estimated market-share of 7%, up from 6% in the prior year. We are very pleased with the liquidity coming from our partnership with ICE BONDS. This started with municipals and is now expanded to US high-yield and price-based US investment-grade.

ICE is becoming a valuable micro allot liquidity provider in US corporate open trading. We experienced another quarter of strong growth in automation with record trade volume of $378 billion, up 25%. We had 245 active automation clients in 2024. 75 clients are now enabled for our algos, up from 13 in the prior year. Open Trading ADV was a record $4 billion in 2024, an increase of 8%. Open Trading continues to be the largest single-source of secondary liquidity in the US credit markets, driven by our diverse liquidity pool.

Our share of blocks in US high-grade was just over 11%, up slightly from 2023. In the portfolio trading channel, we generated record total PTADV of over $900 million and record US credit PTADV of $800 million with record market-share of 16%. Last, in the dealer-initiated channel, dealer RFQ and ADV was a record $1.3 billion, representing a 17% increase over the prior year. While we are in the early innings of our expanded dealer services strategy, we are encouraged by the improvement we are seeing in activity in Europe.

Now let me turn the call over to Eileen to review our financial performance.

Ilene Fiszel Bieler
Chief Financial Officer at MarketAxess

Thank you, Rich. Turning to our results. On Slide 12, we provide a summary of our 4th-quarter financials. We delivered total revenue of $202 million compared to $197 million in the prior year. Looking at each of our revenue lines in-turn, commission revenue increased 2%, largely driven by increased market volumes, partially offset by lower market-share. Information services revenue of $13 million was up 10% and included a $300,000 benefit from FX. The increase was driven by new contracts as we continue to experience strong adoption across our data product suite, especially CP+.

Services revenue of $11 million was flat versus the prior year and included a $200,000 benefit from FX. The prior year period included over $1 million in one-time resubmission revenue. Technology services revenue of $4 million increased 41% driven by higher pragma-related license fees. Total other income decreased approximately $2 million due principally to mark-to-market losses on our US treasury portfolio in the current quarter of approximately $2 million versus a gain of $1 million in the prior year period. The effective tax-rate was 23% and we reported diluted earnings per share of $1.73.

On Slide 13, we provide more detail on our commission revenue and our fee capture. Total commission revenue was $175 million compared to $172 million in the prior year. Strong growth in credit commission revenue across emerging markets, up 18%, Eurobonds up 10% and municipals up 6% was partially offset by 19% decline in US high-yield and lower levels of credit spread volatility. The reduction in total credit fee capture from the prior year was driven principally by-product mix, specifically lower high-yield activity. Total credit fee capture was in-line with 3Q '24 levels. The decline in fixed distribution fees was principally driven by dealer migrations to variable fee plans.

On Slide 14, we provide a summary of our operating expenses. 4th-quarter operating expenses of $122 million increased 2% compared to the prior year as we anniversary the Pragma acquisition. Higher employee comp and benefits, tech and communications and marketing costs were partially offset by lower depreciation and amortization, professional and consulting and general and administrative costs. Headcount was up 1%.

On Slide 15, we provide an update on our capital management and cash-flow. Our balance sheet continues to be strong with cash, cash equivalents and corporate bonds and US treasury investments totaling $699 million as of December 31, up from $602 million at the end of last year. We generated $328 million in free-cash flow over the trailing-12 months, an increase of 6% over last quarter. For the full-year 2024, we repurchased 341,000 shares for a total of $75 million, including 64,000 shares repurchased during the 4th-quarter at a cost of $16 million. As of January 31, 2025, $220 million remains on the current authorization. We believe we are striking the right balance of investing to drive future growth, while at the same time-being disciplined stewards of capital.

On Slide 16, we provide you with our full-year 2025 guidance. Total services revenue, which includes information, host trade and technology services, is expected to grow in the mid-single digits in 2025. We expect total expenses to be in the range of $505 million to $525 million, off a base of $476 million in 2024. This would imply a growth rate of approximately 8% to the midpoint of the 2025 range. This includes the full-year effect of 2024 hires, inflationary increases as well as tech investments and higher variable costs. We expect that the effective tax-rate will be in the range of 23.5% to 24.5%. Capital expenditures are expected in the range of $65 million to $70 million, of which roughly 80% relates to capitalized software development costs for the investments we're making in new protocols and trading platform enhancements.

Now let me turn the call-back to Chris for his closing comments.

Chris Concannon
Chief Executive Officer at MarketAxess

Thanks, Eileen. In summary, on Slide 17, we delivered solid financial results in 2024. In 2024, we made solid progress building our portfolio of trading tools, our high-touch block training solution and our dealer solutions. Our focus in 2025 is now on realizing the benefit of our investments and the acquisitions and delivering those solutions across all three of our channels. 2025 is a year of delivery, and we look-forward to reporting on the progress through the coming quarters.

Now, we would be happy to open the line for your questions.

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Operator

Thank you. And we will now begin the question-and-answer session. If you have dialed-in and would like to ask a question, please press star followed by the number-one on yourf telephone keypad to raise your hand and join the queue. If you would like to withdraw your question, simply press the star one again. And just a reminder to please limit yourself from asking one question. And if you have any further questions, please rejoin the queue. With that, your first question comes from the line of Chris Allen with Citi. Please go-ahead.

Christopher Allen
Analyst at Smith Barney Citigroup

Good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking the question. I wanted to talk about the trading launch in the US. I'm kind of curious why you led with emerging markets bonds first. When we think about the trading launch, which we anticipate in the US just how Integral is having the deals on-board for success on block penetration moving forward and what steps you're taking to ensure that success?

Chris Concannon
Chief Executive Officer at MarketAxess

Sure. Thanks, Chris. And yes, pretty excited about both where we are from a block trading perspective and obviously very excited about the launch -- the pending launch in the US. I've been talking about our high-touch solution for quite some time. So it was great to see it launched in December of last year. We targeted -- what we did is targeted EM and then Eurobonds first, largely because of the pre-trade analytics that we have in both those markets from a great inventory of dealer access.

We also have pre-trade analytics that we call smart Dealer Select. And then here in the US, we have AI dealer select tools. So it was really when we looked at and added up all the pre-trade analytics, we were very excited about what we were seeing in EM in particular. And obviously, the clients in EM have been asking for a block solution for some time. So it was really the right market to launch in. And we have seen in the 4th-quarter, we did see our EM block market-share increase in blocks in EM increased by about 22% as I mentioned in our opening remarks.

The key ingredient to trading blocks is just taking a step-back. And look, we spent a lot of time looking at the electronic market and what the clients want solved. The big challenge for block trading is information leakage. In our bond market, you have to present your interest in an RFQ to get a price back. And so when you're trading a block, you do not want to share that information broadly because of the impact it can have on the market.

So that makes all-to-all less attractive for a block, and we've seen that over the years around our block market-share for all-to-all. In a liquid market, clients choose all-to-all quite regularly, and we see that in our block trading stats in our all-to-all market. But what a client wants to do is target a specific dealer with a block and they want a short-list of dealers that they want to target. So they reduce that information leakage. The most important point, and this is what we're seeing the success in our tool is they want to know that, that dealer has a high likelihood to respond and execute at a fair price.

And so more information than just whether a dealer is axed or showing a price or an indicative price is a key ingredient. So data matters when it comes to block trading. And so on electronic platform, there's more data that we can present as we present the pre-trade analytics. And we're seeing in our block trading tool very-high hit rates relative to the traditional RFQ. We're seeing about a 90% hit rate in our Eurobond targeted block trading tool based on our and our smart dealer selection. So that's an exceptionally high hit rate where in traditional RFQ, it's closer to 60% to 70% hit rate. And no, we are -- it's still early days.

We have about 65 active clients using our Block trading tool. And more importantly, just in -- we launched it in December, we've just done as of yesterday, over $1.2 billion in volume in our targeted Block trade solution. So still early days, but very excited about, one, the volumes that are going through, but more importantly, the experience that the clients are having in that tool. And what our clients are asking for is what we call one-click trading. They want to see a price, they want to share their information with a small list of dealers and they want to know that they'll get a response, high likelihood of a response.

And that's really the feedback that we're getting with that block trading tool. We will be launching here in the US in US high-grade and US high-yield, the block solution, what I'll call an enhanced block solution at the beginning of Q2 and we will have that very direct-to-dealer solution where you can one click with a dealer. Getting to your second part of your question, sorry, this is a long-winded answer because it's an exciting topic for us. But the second part of your question is about how do dealers perceive this and what's the reception from dealers.

The dealers have been very supportive of us putting them in comp with a shorter list for clients. That's an important ingredient because dealers pay a price of broad dissemination of an inquiry like in all-to-all. It's called the winner's curse. The whole market knows that you've just taken a position. So when it comes to being a counterparty for a block, they like to know that there's a shorter list or even one, their own on that targeted inquiry. And they tend to price aggressively based on the number of people that are seeing that inquiry. And so that's an important component. It's actually dealer-friendly on this block trading solution. And so the feedback from dealers has been positive and the feedback from clients have been very positive.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Dan Fannon with Jefferies. Please go-ahead.

Daniel Fannon
Analyst at Jefferies Financial Group

Thanks. I wanted to just follow-up on a lot of your prepared remarks around kind of goals this year and improving market-share and I assume your first answer, it fit some of this, but what gives you confidence in terms of the ability to grow share in high-grade? And you are rolling out products, but curious if you think the protocols you have today are what is going to drive that or is what is still on the come do you think that is going to be the driver of that increased market-share?

Chris Concannon
Chief Executive Officer at MarketAxess

Yeah. Thanks, Dan. First, I'll start from a macro market perspective. The market itself is quite favorable to the fixed-income market broadly, where yields currently stand. Inflows into fixed-income funds are generally positive and they continue to be positive here in -- just in January. So from a macro perspective, the market is still fairly attractive. New issue market is quite robust. We saw a heavy new issue market in January and most forecasts predict a strong new issue market throughout the year of 2025.

The other pieces of the puzzle turnover in the market continues to be at high rates of turnover, similar to what we saw in 2024. So the velocity of the market and I think in IG in particular, it's largely driven by electronic trading. Our portfolio trading solutions, the growth of electronic RFQ continues to drive that velocity of trading. The other piece is a very robust entry from systematic funds into the market, both as takers of liquidity, but also as alternative liquidity providers. That's a key ingredient to our growth and overall growth of the velocity of trading in the bond market.

And the factors that are struggle for our model, our RFQ model with an all-to-all solution have been very low-volatility and very tight spreads. All-to-all is a great provider of alternative liquidity in high-vol. And so the key for our growth rates in 2025 is being -- is offering multiple protocols that are appropriate in multiple types of market environments. And so as you think about it, we are the largest liquidity solution, alternative liquidity solution, electronic alternative liquidity solution in the US credit market.

Our platform provides an electronic RFQ for small sizes. We have an exceptionally strong automation solution for what I'd call no touch trading. So our all-to-all market solves both no touch and low-touch trading. And we're now near the edges of completing our PT solution, I think I used in my -- my prepared remarks feature complete in Q1 for portfolio trading. That doesn't mean there won't be an endless supply of new analytics and new functionality that clients will ask for in PT. But we have a sizable feature rollout in Q1. We just had a release in Q -- in January.

We have another release in February just next week and we just see ourselves as being having a highly competitive offering in portfolio trading in Q1. The other area of growth that we're very excited about and I just talked about it with Chris Allen's question, our Block trading solution is finally launching in US high-grade where it's quite appropriate. And what's exciting about that is we're targeting what I call the next 50% of the market. If you really think about it, that tool targets a bigger portion of the market than all of electronic trading in the high-grade market today. That's just a huge opportunity for us to solve. And while it's still early days, the evidence that we're seeing on our Block trading tool in both EM and EU is quite exciting around our launch in high-grade.

So, look, January was not -- that was a disappointing market-share for us in January. And when we look at the rest of the year, we're quite excited about the scheduled. And as you can see in our prepared remarks, we're quite regimented about dates and being committed to those dates of execution and delivery in 2025. So we're quite confident about our rollout strategy across the US corporate market.

And the last piece that we are introducing a new product in continuously in 2025 is the dealer business. The dealer-to-dealer business in US high-grade is about 30% of the market, 29% to be exact in January. That's a sizable portion of the business. We expect that portion of the business to continue to grow as dealers turn-over inventory at a much higher-rate in the market to come.

We're -- as we mentioned in the remarks, we already have a robust dealer RFQ platform that in fact saw market-share gains, both in high-grade and high-yield in January, but we're rolling out a mid ex or a mid-market matching solution in Q2 and we're rolling out a new front-end Expro for dealers starting in Q2 and rolling out throughout Q3. So we have a number of product deliveries rolling out through the first-half of 2025. Each of those product deliveries, we intend to have market-share impact as a result.

Operator

Thank you. And your next question comes from the line of Benjamin Bodish with Barclays. Please go-ahead.

Benjamin Budish
Analyst at Barclays

Hey, good morning and thanks for taking the question. Chris, you kind of touched on what I wanted to ask you about, which was sort of a higher-level look at-the-market in terms of where there's room left to electronify, but I'll kind of ask it anyway. You've always said historically that the key competitor is the phone. I guess as you think about the block market, I think that is largely unelectronified, but I'm curious where else do you think there is low-hanging fruit parts of the market that are electronified, but maybe not all the way?

And how important or how would you describe sort of what's necessary in terms of either -- is it either a matter of competition? Is it a matter of increasing electronification? How do you think about like which of those two is sort of more important as you think about growing your share over the next few years? Thank you.

Chris Concannon
Chief Executive Officer at MarketAxess

Yeah, great question, one that we spend a lot of time on. If you think about our investment in 2024, we made a strategic decision to continue to invest in our high-touch block solution, while we knew we were facing competition in portfolio trading. But as we laid out in the TAM presentation, obviously, the block part of the market is by far the largest part that is not electronic. And it's really phone and ID that we see the blocks flowing through.

And when you look at the workflow ID or phone, it's just -- it's very inefficient and our clients continuously are looking for better ways to trade blocks, but in what I call-in a replicated fashion to phone and chat. They don't want information leakage over the electronic platform. And that's really what we perfected in our targeted block trading solution.

The other areas of opportunity is really around the retail space and it's across US corporates and across really the whole fixed-income market, we have a platform that is targeting the private bank market called Access IQ. It continues to deliver volumes and growth month-over-month and obviously year-over-year. So we're encouraged that we have now tapped into the private bank space in the US that was largely targeting European private banks and APAC private banks.

So we're seeing healthy growth from the retail market. I think with the rates being so attractive, more broadly, you're going to continue to see higher levels of activity in the retail space. And then other areas, really the -- I think the biggest area of electronic opportunity and electronic evolution is really in emerging markets. It's hard to get the true denominator in emerging markets and the full total market size, but it's equivalent to total size of US investment-grade and US high-yield. So it's a sizable market. And by our estimates, we're only looking at under 5% is electronically penetrated.

So there's a huge opportunity within the EM market. And the most important ingredient to all of these electronic solutions is really around data. You can't really electronify a market absent the data. And as we grow our footprint across the market, our data footprint and our data intelligence becomes that much more valuable. And that's the most important ingredient. The more you touch, the better your data becomes. And we're rolling out data products in the same pace in which we're rolling out these new protocols.

So when you really see the complete offering, and by mid this year, we are going to be touching the largest trade sizes, portfolio trades, and those are complicated with lots of line items. The next largest, which is block trades, we'll have protocol for that. We'll have our current highly-liquid, low-touch all-to-all protocol and then full automation suite, both auto RFQ, but more importantly, algos that replicate multiple trades through RFQ and other ways to trade. So it will be a complete offering in 2025 and we spent the full-year of 2024 investing and building out the ability to deliver all these products in '25.

Richard Schiffman
Global Head of Trading Solutions at MarketAxess

Hey, Ben, it's Rich. Just one thing I wanted to add to Chris' remarks on this. And he highlighted all of the areas where electronic trading is, let's say, not as well penetrated like the block area, for example. But one thing we definitely believe in is that even in the in the odd lot space, let's say, the smaller-sized trades, this is going to continue to grow this segment.

And just like what has happened in equities with all of the electronic trading adoption and the systematic liquidity providers that are out there are enabling new strategies for people to get-in and out of -- in and out of bonds a lot more easily. It's going to lead to more turnover in that size range is our view. And we believe we've got the right solutions to capture that flow.

So we expect it to keep growing. I mean, we were just commenting before the call, we've seen a couple of trace days of $44 billion in high-grade, which is well-above the running averages, there's a likelihood of increasing activity that's going on in the sweet-spot, which means more -- more volume for us to capture.

Operator

Thank you. And your next question comes from the line of Kyle with KBW. Please go-ahead.

Kyle Voigt
Analyst at KBW

Hi, good morning, everyone. Maybe if I could just ask a bigger-picture question on the high-yield business. January market-share near 12%. I think two years ago, you were in the kind of 17% to 18% range. I know there's been a number of changes with the market. There's been cyclical headwinds, maybe some structural headwinds as well. But if you look at-market share by client type-in high-yield, just trying to understand where you're seeing good progress over the past two years, which client segments are still seeing some good growth? And then where have you seen the most pullback or share migrate away or clients just pull-back from the marketplace as we're trying to think about the growth trajectory and share from here.

Chris Concannon
Chief Executive Officer at MarketAxess

Yeah, great question. And high-yield in 2024, the market itself from a macro perspective certainly saw challenges. For end investors, very attractive market. Spreads were tight, volatility was low. For ETF market makers, anyone trading ETF arbitrage, that's a very difficult market to trade-in, particularly as the borrow rate went up sizably in 2024. So being able to put on an arbitrage across the high-yield market became quite difficult.

So really what we saw in 2024 and still in January is the ETF players, those that were trading high-yield on an ETF ARB really exit the market. We saw some trading pods that some of the hedge funds close-down. We still see -- we continue to see systematics coming into high-yield because they want to make the investment to be there. Most systematics that we talk to that are investing in the high-yield products and high-yield trading continue to bet that volatility will return to the high-yield market.

Certainly, if you have any, any credit challenges through high-yield, we see individual issuer volatility snap-back. But they're really predicting that there will be ball eventually back-in high-yield and that spread will widen out. And so they'll have opportunity for the arbitrage, they'll have opportunity for just straight dealer solutions.

When it comes to-high yield and the traditional buy-side, from a macro perspective, high-yield is still very attractive. That rate environment is very attractive. So we continue to see inflows into the high-yield funds. And really our portfolio trading is picking-up in high-yield. We've seen it come up to about 8% of the high-yield market. And we recently launched our benchmark portfolio trading tool, which we tend to see more benchmark trades in high-yield.

So we -- we did pick-up portfolio trading market-share. It did increase in January, which was encouraging. And not to talk about high-touch block trading again, but we do hear from our clients that they're very sensitive to information leakage in high-yield in particular. The block trade sizes are smaller. They're probably around $3 million is considered a block trade-in a more liquid high-yield bond. So the block trading solution will be welcomed by most high-yield traders just because it's targeting either a single dealer or a small list of dealers. And if the -- the hit rates continue at those high levels, that's one of the biggest challenges in high-yield is just maintaining a high hit rate-based on your inquiries.

Operator

Hi, thank you. And your next question comes from the line of Alex Bostine with Goldman Sachs. Please go-ahead.

Alexander Blostein
Analyst at The Goldman Sachs Group

Hi, good morning, everybody. Thank you for taking the question as well. Lots of great color. Really appreciate the TAM, the TAM analysis as well. I know it's going to be a hard question to answer, but I guess we'll try anyway. So '24, big build-out year '25, you expect to see the benefits of that. How would you define success in terms of market-share accomplishments in 2025 when it comes to-high grade and high-yield within the US and I guess what are the kind of top one or two protocols that you're pushing forward?

You named a lot of things that you think will help you recoup some of that market-share and then ultimately the implications on fee per million, all else constant. And I know that the mix and macro could impact that, but just kind of try to get a sense what the revenue implication from these efforts could ultimately be given that things like portfolio shedding, et-cetera come with a much lower-fee per million. Thanks.

Chris Concannon
Chief Executive Officer at MarketAxess

Okay. Let me simplify your question. You want us to predict our market-share and our overall revenue for 2025. What I -- thanks, Alex, what I will do is, let me go through the protocols individually because each one certainly could have sizable impacts on share and obviously sizable impacts on revenue. Obviously, I'll start with portfolio trading because it's obviously been a very focused area of ours and certainly continues to focus in Q1. It has sizable market-share impacts. And we've seen this and we've predicted this in the last quarter call, you can see swings of market-share for platforms that offer portfolio trading.

We see it in our own market. There are sizable portfolio trades that come to-market. In January, we saw actually very low-level of what we call mega portfolio trades, anything of $1 billion-plus in size. There was just a smaller number of those mega PTs in the market, whereas in December, there was a lot -- a lot more of those megatrades. So from a share perspective, not a revenue perspective because we showed you the TAM around PT, you can really move and swing market-share around based on portfolio trading tools. And we're very excited where we think we'll be just in Q1 with the next few releases on our portfolio trading tool.

Moving to the block side, I spent a lot of time talking about high-touch and blocks, but that has a sizable impact on share and obviously, revenue. It has very attractive C schedule. It's not like a PT. It has certainly more consistent with traditional RFQ fee schedule and -- but it does have larger trade sizes, so fee capture is quite attractive. But again, it doesn't -- it doesn't involve all-to-all. So it has a slightly different fee capture to an all-to-all.

To the extent there's higher levels of volatility and certainly, we've seen momentary spikes of volatility with the announcements coming fast and furious out-of-the new administration. To the extent there is volatility, we would expect our all-to-all platform to pick-up rapidly, similar to what we saw just this week with the spike in activity around the tariff news that came out over the weekend. So all-to-all is really a great protocol for smaller sizes, for automation, for traditional RFQ and we obviously have the largest RFQ network in US high-grade and US high-yield for that all-to-all platform.

But again, just with volatility spiking, we can see a share movement around that all-to-all platform. The last piece is obviously automation. We continue to see clients ask for a more sophisticated levels of automation. Just in '24, our automation volume grew by 29% year-over-year and in the 4th-quarter was up 21%. So we continue to see that demand. In January, we continue to grow our automation volume. It grew 23% year-over-year in January. So that automation suite is in high-demand.

And one of the areas that is a sweet-spot is in the clients that are offering large SMA solutions. They're getting smaller trade sizes through that SMA channel of their business. And so they're adopting automation quite rapidly. Our automation suite is just touching 245 active clients recently and that's out of our over 2,000 clients around the globe. So the penetration across our client base is still low relative to the global client base, but the demand for automation continues to grow.

And if you follow the projections for SMA growth alone, it's projected to grow up to $5 trillion from the, Call-IT, current $2 trillion. That's obviously a great area of growth for us in the in the fixed-income markets. As those grow, the demand for automation will grow. So I covered all of our protocols. The nice thing is, we feel like we're going to be in a great spot in terms of offering multiple protocols to our clients, all designed for different elements of the market and all designed for different environments to trade through in the market.

Ilene Fiszel Bieler
Chief Financial Officer at MarketAxess

So Alex, let me take the fee per million part of your question. And if you think about sort of the four key protocols that Chris talked about, there are puts and takes in terms of fee per million there, right? But again, this is about sort of driving share, driving revenue and thinking about the future. And Chris talked about portfolio trading. He talked about blocks. We know that those come in at a bit lower fees per million and then you talked about Open Trading and automation, which we know come in at a bit higher fees per million, right? So there's puts and takes there.

But let's take a step-back and think about, for instance, what the largest driver in the change of fees per million was just in January. And we know that in high-grade, that's duration and it was duration. And if you think about it, right, we saw in January that weighted-average years to maturity was at 8. Call-IT, two, eight years versus 9, a little over 9 last year and that was also down from, Call-IT 8.9 almost nine in December. So that was a pretty big driver of what happened. We also saw yields go up in this past January to over 5%. And if you think about that, that's another headwind that we saw in the duration calculation.

So now let's think about how quickly trading behavior can change and what that could mean for duration. We know that can happen and we've actually even seen it already in just the first few days of February. Now the first few days of February does not make a year needless to say, but I think we have to really keep in mind how much duration does impact these types of things. And so when you think about these per million, you think about duration and high-grade, this is obviously a key component. But if I take a step-back and I know it's really people are trying to model this and I get it and I know-how important it is, you know, the average fees per million across most of our credit products really has been quite stable in terms of our beat card over the past few years, right?

And I just want to remind us of that. And there are all these puts and takes that we've talked about. And so if you think about the puts and takes, and I just mentioned a few of them, I'll go through them again just because I know there's a lot here. But you've got the growth of PT, even if you look just what happened year-over-year that 200 basis-points that Rich talked about, we know that has a negative impact on fees per million, right? But we also know that if you think about -- and I've talked about this on -- I think it was our last call when I looked back over, Call-IT, a five-year time period and I said, okay, what was sort of the average of fees per million over that time period and it was about $173 per million.

And we know that, for instance, Chris just talked about high-yield and we were asked, well, what's going on in the high-yield space. And we know that also has a significant benefit and tailwind fees per million. So if we see our ETF market-maker clients get more active, that could be a real benefit as well. So if you think about that as a benefit possibility, if you think about if we see changes in duration in high-grade as another benefit possibility, if you see more pickup and again, we've got to see how this all works out, but that could create additional Open Trading, which is more of a premium product in terms of how you think about fees per million. So you sort of have to think about all these different -- these different factors that go into fees per million.

Now we do know that you also have to look at the macro-environment. I would also say we've got to see that the Fed is and what's happening there in terms of the rate environment, that's changing day-by day. And so obviously that also impacts trading activity. And so if you have sort of a more longer or Call-IT elongated if you think about how the curve is moving, that will take -- if you think about how people look at their trading activity in the rate environment, whether or not they'll go out longer on the curve, really they're going to look at what's happening in the rate environment. And so all of these types of things we have to take into effect. And so that's kind of the puts and takes that I would say to keep in mind. And I hope that is helpful when you think about freeze per million in general.

Operator

Thank you. And your next question comes from the line of Jeff Schmidt with William Blair. Please go-ahead.

Jeff Schmitt
Analyst at William Blair

Hi, good morning. Portfolio trading as a percent of industry high-grade and high-yield activity, it's been around 10% for the last probably six months at least. What do you think is driving that pause? And can you continue to drive share gains there even if it stays at these levels?

Chris Concannon
Chief Executive Officer at MarketAxess

First, from a macro perspective, if you look at volatility, if you look at spread and spread volatility in the fixed-income market, it's been quite attractive to get a portfolio trade done at an attractive price. We have seen in the past, again, we haven't seen a lot of volatility, but it becomes more difficult to trade a large portfolio in higher levels of. And so at these levels of all, I think the 10% range is quite an attractive range for portfolio trades.

And there also has been a number of portfolio trading counterparties that have moved in and out-of-the market. So profitability for the dealer around portfolio trading has been up-and-down and in low, it's probably a little bit more attractive and higher val becomes more difficult to manage that large inventory that you're taking down in a portfolio trade. It is capital-intensive trade for a dealer. So they -- obviously, we obviously see large banks that have the capital are highly engaged in portfolio trading.

It is a tool that the buy-side finds attractive to move flows. And it will be around. It's not going anywhere. I think the market environment and capital willingness will really dictate where portfolio trading moves in the market from quarter-to-quarter from year to year because it is a trading tool that will be around for a long-time. With regard to our share in portfolio trading, we continue to grow our portfolio trading just in investment-grade last year. We obviously grew overall notional portfolio trading by 80%.

So we are encouraged with our performance, but not where we need to be. So we're excited about what's happening with new features rolling out this quarter. We do think it will have an impact on our competitiveness in the portfolio trading space. Our portfolio trades are getting bigger, not smaller. So the number of line items that we're seeing over 1,000 line items is becoming a commonplace for portfolio trades. And so we expect that market to continue to move-in and around that 10%.

At these levels of volatility, you could see it move-up certainly into the teens, but we expect it to be around that part of the market for some time to come. It is a very valuable tool for the buy-side to move-in and out of flow quite quickly and aggressively. And the prices that we're seeing in the market are relatively attractive for the end investor and where the buy-side is getting executed in that market. That could change if volatility comes into the market, obviously. And that's why we're so focused on having multiple protocols across our platform. So if you're sitting at our trade desk, you can trade a PT, trade a block, trade the low-touch lists or trade fully automated. That's the key ingredient that we're targeting in 2025.

Richard Schiffman
Global Head of Trading Solutions at MarketAxess

Jeff, it's Rich. I'll just add to that. I mean, there's no question about the convenience of the PT trade and easy way to move a lot of line items. But one thing about it, it's a pretty concentrated market in terms of the liquidity. So you're talking about it's fairly dominated by six to eight maybe kind of 10 firms. And that makes it not being really unique liquidity. So we're really confident in our ability in terms of -- in terms of share, whatever the percentage of the market it's going to be and maybe I'll take the under on it a little bit there.

But in terms of grabbing market-share, it's the same liquidity on the different venues. So as we continue to increase our capabilities and build-in the analytics and build all the features that our clients are looking for, we feel that that's pretty easy volume to move. It's quite different than the in-comp business, where Open Trading in that area that represents, let's say, 35% was the Q4 number and that comes from over 1,000 unique liquidity providers. That's not easily replicated in other places, which makes the volume stickier, keeping it with us. But we feel really confident about our ability to get increased share of the existing, whatever percent of the market PT is going to be. All right.

Operator

Thank you. And your next question comes from the line of Eli Abud with Bank of America. Please go-ahead.

Eli Abboud
Analyst at Bank of America

Good morning. Thanks for taking the question. Can you speak to your motivation behind acquiring the rest of RFQ Hub and walk us through the materiality of the financial impact there? And then bigger-picture, to what extent is it a priority for you to become more cross-asset? Is that something you feel like clients are demanding?

Chris Concannon
Chief Executive Officer at MarketAxess

Yeah. Thanks for the question,. Yeah, we're exceptionally excited about RFQ Hub and the prospects for RFQ Hub. It is a multi-asset platform. And so there's obviously ETFs. We're very focused on the ETF market and the opportunity for block trading in ETFs through RFQ. That is a sizable market, both here in the US as well as in Europe and throughout Asia. It is also a derivative platform. So it offers futures, equity derivatives, complex swaps and other derivatives. And that's really where the platform started out first, particularly in the European OTC market.

So it's an exciting platform to have cross assets traded on the platform. It's a very flexible market, so we can add product quite easily. We think the important ingredient about having and where we see synergies is really being able to offer our large client base, fixed-income client base, access to fixed-income ETF side-by-side. That is an important component.

If you look at the growth of the portfolio trading market, every PT is really correlated to an ETF. And so clients have a choice of trading directly the underlying bond in a PT or trading at ETF and it's really dependent on where that ETF NAV is trading in Real-time relative to the underlying portfolio. So there are choices that we can offer clients just through data and analytics around trading the PT itself or trading the ETF, which is correlated. ETFs -- fixed-income ETFs are a great way for a portfolio manager to get instant exposure to the bond market. They're highly-liquid and can be traded in block form.

So it's just another tool in our fixed-income protocol solutions that we want to offer our clients. So we're excited about that transaction. Again, we already own 42% of RFQ Hub through our partnership with Virtu. We have a number of the dealers invested in that platform as well. So there's still continuous dealer support in the platform. And it's bringing all those alternative products into the suite. And really the key synergy is our ability to redistribute what is a very successful small platform to our huge client network and our international presence across the institutional marketplace.

Ilene Fiszel Bieler
Chief Financial Officer at MarketAxess

And you guys probably know this, but you can see the equity and earnings of unconsolidated affiliate, right, on our consolidated statement of operations and that's really the RFQ hub current that Chris just talked about in terms of the ownership and that will obviously get consolidated into operating results once we bring that on. But that's another way that you can look at it and think about sort of opportunity there.

Operator

Thank you. And your next question comes from the line of Michael Cepress with Morgan Stanley. Please go-ahead.

Michael Cyprys
Analyst at Morgan Stanley

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking the question. Just hoping to touch on the rates platform for a moment. The volumes are up very nicely there on a year-on-year basis, but still a smaller contributor to revenues today. So can you just talk about some of the initiatives across your rates platform that you have in mind to further scale this part of the business, talk about some of your ambitions here, how you see this contributing over-time?

And maybe if you could also update us on the net spotting tool, what's been sort of the uptake from customers? I know you've had this for a bit. Just how do you see that contributing as well to the broader platform?

Chris Concannon
Chief Executive Officer at MarketAxess

Great. And thanks for asking about rates. It's certainly a product that we love and certainly, we've seen growth in 2024 and a number of exciting things happening in that rate space. First, I do think we have to recognize that in the rates market, it's really largely driven by electronic RFQ to the buy-side. It's been that way, traditional RFQ, typically RFQ to five dealers for many years.

And so when it comes to innovation to the client side, we haven't seen a lot of innovation in terms of interesting protocols or new tools. The rates RFQ platforms in the market have also enjoyed low levels of volatility. We've seen spikes of volatility, but you know the clients that we talk to in the rate space are quite concerned that they don't have direct electronic access to alternative liquidity because when that market turns volatile, it becomes a much more challenging market to trade, yet the alternative liquidity providers tend to provide more liquidity in those moments of volatility.

And we've seen that on our platform and just traditional all-to-all in corporates. So a key ingredient, we think to the rates market is making sure there is a healthy interaction between clients of large dealers and ultimately all-to-all liquidity in times of need. Where we've been mostly innovative in our rate space is offering clients algo solutions that provide the client the ability to trade large-size orders, but in smaller size without market impact. So really being both passive liquidity providers or using smaller size orders to take liquidity through a systematic algorithm.

I'm excited that we're launching our algos just this month-on Pragma. So we're migrating our algo solution onto our Pragma platform in the rates market, which just gives us great tooling for clients and very interesting controls around the algo suite of products that we can offer. And the other piece is our net hedging for rates has been in our corporate bond market for quite some time. We launched that a number of years ago. It continues to get bigger. We continue to see more-and-more clients adopt the net hedging solution.

Again, it is client adopted. We don't just turn it on for all clients. It's a very powerful way for us to actually provide a large banks with liquidity in rates. So we offer net hedging and we offer hedging for dealers. So overall, the rates complex that you saw continues to grow and continues to grow here in January. So we're excited about rates. We do plan on launching in 2025, our RFQ solution, which the client community is much more familiar with. So we want to have a hybrid offering where we're offering both electronic algorithmic solutions as well as traditional RFQ solutions.

Operator

Thank you. And your last question comes from the line of Simon Klinsch with Redburn Atlantic. Please go-ahead.

Simon Clinch
Analyst at Redburn Atlantic

Hi, thanks for taking my question. I think most of my questions have been answered. And Chris, thanks so much for the detail and color. A lot of really useful stuff I heard today. I just wanted to refer to Slide 19 in the bottom-left and the relationship between and duration, which we know is obviously very sensitive. I was just wondering if you could just talk about what kind of scenarios or what kind of macro conditions we would need to see for the fee per million to go or at least the duration to go below the lows that we saw in September '23 and thus take fee per million below where we are today. Just kind of curious as to what -- I guess how you're thinking about are we -- was the January number just like a bottom or is there still plenty of room for that to drop if conditions continue down as part?

Ilene Fiszel Bieler
Chief Financial Officer at MarketAxess

Sure. Thanks for the question, Simon. So I mean it's always hard to call something a bottom, it's hot, particularly when you're dealing with trading behavior and when you're talking about a rate environment and you're talking about central banks making changes to economic policy. So I don't think I want to go there. But I think what we need to look at and think about is where do we see the rate environment and how do we see trading behavior, right?

And right now, we know that the most recent, I think if we look at CME Watch, Fed Watch, right, the most recent call for rate cuts is, I want to say one to two. And just a little while ago, it wasn't so long ago that we saw 3% to 4%. And when you saw 3 to 4% as what people were calling for, you see folks wanting to trade-out further on the curve. That's pretty normal behavior if you see that type of a steepening.

Now we've seen a bit of a bear steepener and it's been quite unusual what you saw most recently. Some would Call-IT a bear steepener. And that's not what we would expect in a rate cutting cycle. And so having said that, as I said most recently with sort of differencing different outcomes in terms of economic policy decisions, things changing quite rapidly, you're also seeing -- we saw just in the last few days, as I said before, change in behavior on duration. Just honestly, it went from quite quickly from, Call-IT, eight years of weighted-average years to maturity to nine.

Now I can't tell you it's staying there, but I can tell you that we saw a quite quick change in behavior. So you have to look at things like all the normal things you would think of bond traders looking at, what's happening with inflation, what's happening in those numbers, how are we seeing what the Fed is saying there or in terms of where the rate environment is going to come out. And so all of these things matter. What do we think is going to happen in terms of will there be a soft landing? Will it take longer for the Fed to come down in rates? I mean, all of these things matter.

But again, we really have to see what's going to happen in the environment. We have to see where the yields are going to turn out as well because as you know, I mean we've talked about the sensitivity before, when you see a one-year increase on the platform and weighted-average years to maturity that can be worth about $15 for us in high-grade. And if you see yields come in 100 basis-points, that can be worth $3 to $5, right? So all of this is -- we've got to see what happens in the macro-environment.

Chris Concannon
Chief Executive Officer at MarketAxess

And Simon, I would just add, in our client-to-dealer space, obviously, there's -- as Eileen pointed out, there's lots of factors to go into figuring out what that fee per million will come out. But really the good news is from the client perspective, we spend more time focused on functionality, features, data and analytics and really don't get concerns from clients around fee pressure.

So from a market -- broader market perspective, it's really about delivering functionality to clients that they need to help them trade. Our fees are ultimately small -- small features of the overall spread and cost of trading. So that fee pressure dialog is just not present. We don't see fees as a weapon or a tool in the competitive marketplace. We really see a rolling out functionality, new data and analytics is really the way to move share around.

Operator

Thank you. And that ends our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn it back to Chris for closing remarks.

Chris Concannon
Chief Executive Officer at MarketAxess

Thanks, everyone, for joining us. As you heard in both our prepared remarks and our Q&A, we are laser-focused on execution and delivery. We spent 2024 building product and now we're rolling out specific dates, specific timelines on delivering that product. So we're excited about 2025 and we're excited about the product rollout that we put out in the public on this call. Thank you and look-forward to talking to you next quarter.

Operator

Thank you. And ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect.

Corporate Executives
  • Stephen Davidson
    Head of Investor Relations
  • Chris Concannon
    Chief Executive Officer
  • Richard Schiffman
    Global Head of Trading Solutions
  • Ilene Fiszel Bieler
    Chief Financial Officer
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