Suketu Upadhyay
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Zimmer Biomet
Thanks, Bryan, and good morning. Overall, we delivered another good quarter driven by strong execution and continued recovery of elective procedures. While we continue to navigate challenges, our third quarter performance gives us the confidence to raise our full year financial guidance.
With that, I will turn to our third quarter results. Unless otherwise noted, my statements will be about the third quarter of 2022 and how it compares to the same period in '21. And my commentary will be on a constant-currency and adjusted continuing operations basis.
Net sales in the third quarter were $1.670 billion, a decrease of 0.9% on a reported basis and an increase of 5% on a constant-currency basis. U.S. sales grew 3.2%, driven by strong elective procedure recovery and commercial execution, especially in our knee and hip businesses. This was partially offset by expected declines in the S.E.T. and other categories. International sales grew 7.3%, driven by strong procedure volumes across most markets in EMEA and APAC in tandem with lighter comps and continued strong commercial execution. And they have performed better than expected driven by recovery in developed markets and continued strength in emerging markets. And APAC performed better than expected with China largely in line with expectations and strength in Japan.
Turning to our business category performance. Global knees grew 7.2% with U.S. knees up 7.3% and international knees up 7%. This strong performance was driven by knee procedure recovery across most regions and easier comps along with continued global traction of our Persona knee system, especially with Persona Revision in the U.S. and continued increase in ROSA procedure penetration and pull-through.
Global hips grew 10.5%, with U.S. hips up 5.3%, and international hips up 15.5%, driven by strong international procedure recovery and an easier comp outside of the U.S. Continued traction across key hip products including the G7 revision system and Avenir Complete primary hip, which is focused on the direct anterior surgical approach, and lastly, continued solid ROSA pull-through in the hip category, especially in the U.S.
The sports, extremities, and trauma category declined 2.1% and was impacted by a tough comp in 2021 and the expected pressure around VBP, which is expected to reverse in Q4 and reimbursement headwinds in U.S. Restorative Therapies that will anniversary in mid-2023. Within the category, we continued to deliver strong performance across our key focus areas of CMFT, sports medicine, and upper extremities. Finally, our other category declined 0.4% driven by tough comps and expected lower capital sales related to a higher mix of ROSA placements versus upfront sales.
Moving to the P&L. For the quarter, we reported GAAP-diluted earnings per share of $0.92 compared to GAAP-diluted earnings per share of $0.77 in the third quarter of 2021. The increase was driven by a decline in litigation-related expenses and a tax benefit in the quarter from a favorable tax liability outcome. On an adjusted basis, diluted earnings per share of $1.58 represents a decrease from $1.71 in the third quarter of 2021.
Adjusted gross margin was 70.7% in line with expectations. As previously discussed, heightened inflationary pressure will drive full year gross margins to be slightly down when compared to the prior year. As previously noted, increasing input costs from this year will pull through into 2023, and we now expect a headwind from inflation in 2023 to be at the upper end of our previously communicated 50 to 100 basis point range.
Our adjusted operating expenses were $742 million, an increase versus the prior year due to inflationary pressures and higher investments into R&D to support future product launches. Our adjusted operating margin for the quarter was 26.3%, a 200 basis point decline from the prior year and largely driven by increased inflationary pressures and continued investments into the pipeline and product portfolio. Despite ongoing macro headwinds, we continue to expect our efficiency programs to drive improved second half operating margins versus the first half of the year with a step up in the fourth quarter in tandem with higher revenue. The adjusted tax rate was 16.3% in the quarter in line with our expectations.
Turning to cash and liquidity. Operating cash flows were $451 million and free cash flow totaled $332 million for the quarter. We reduced our debt by about $160 million in the third quarter excluding the effects of foreign currency and ended the quarter with cash and cash equivalents of about $545 million. On a related note, despite a higher interest rate environment in 2022, interest expense is expected to be broadly in line with our previous expectations for the year. However, we would expect a step up of interest expense into 2023. We have made significant progress in strengthening our balance sheet through improved financial performance and ongoing debt reduction, ultimately providing greater strategic flexibility for the company.
Moving on to our updated financial outlook for the year. Constant currency revenue growth is now expected to be 5.5% to 6.5% versus 2021 with an expected foreign currency exchange headwind based on recent spot rates of 550 basis points versus our previous assumption of 500 basis points. This means that reported revenue growth will be in the range of 0% to 1% versus 2021.
Also related to revenue, based on the recent spot rates, we estimate that the strengthening of the dollar through 2022 will create about a 300 basis point headwind to revenue growth in 2023. Additionally, we are tightening our expected adjusted diluted EPS range to $6.80 to $6.90. All other metrics in our '22 financial guidance remain unchanged from our second quarter update. As a reminder, we expect Q4 revenue growth to be slightly higher than the third quarter due in part to a tailwind related to Q4 2021 VBP charges that will be partially offset by about a one-day selling-day headwind.
In summary, we had another solid quarter underpinned by market recovery and good execution. And we are pleased to again raise our full year outlook. While we expect to have to continue to navigate a number of persistent macro headwinds, ongoing market recovery in tandem with strong execution and attractive product pipeline leaves us confident about our future. And lastly, I'm extremely proud of and want to thank our broader ZB team for all that they do.
With that, I'll turn the call back over to Keri. Thank you.