Old Dominion Freight Line Q1 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

Presentation

[Operator]

Good morning, and welcome to the Old Dominion Freight Line's first quarter 2023 earnings conference call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. [Operator Instructions] Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Drew Andersen. Please go ahead.

[Drew Andersen, Senior Director, Product Management at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Thank you. Good morning, and welcome to the First Quarter 2023 conference call for Old Dominion Freight Line. Today's call is being recorded and will be available for replay beginning today and through May 3, 2023 by dialing 1-877-344-7529, access code 6525435. The replay of the webcast may also be accessed for 30 days at the company's website. This conference call may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements among others regarding Old Dominion's expected financial and operating performance. For this purpose, any statements made during this call are not statements of historical fact may be deemed forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing the words believes, anticipates, plans, expects and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. You are hereby cautioned that these statements may be affected by the important factors among others set forth in Old Dominion's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and in this morning's news release, and consequently, actual operations and results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. As a final note before we begin, we welcome your questions today, but we do ask in fairness to all that you limit yourselves to one question at a time before returning to the queue. Thank you for your cooperation. At this time for opening remarks, I would like to turn the conference over to the company's President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Greg Gantt. Please go ahead, sir.

[Greg C. Gantt, President and Chief Executive Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Good morning, and welcome to our first quarter conference call. With me on the call today is Marty Freeman, our COO; and Adam Satterfield, our CFO. After some brief remarks, we'll be glad to take your questions. The OD team started this year with first-quarter financial results that included revenue of $1.4 billion and operating ratio of 73.4% and earnings per diluted share of $2.58. These numbers were slightly below our first-quarter results from 2022 and reflect the ongoing softness in the domestic economy and the challenging operating environment. We are also coming off a record year in 2022 where revenue and profits were at an all-time high. As we started this year, we were cautiously optimistic that our business levels would start to improve late in the first quarter and accelerate further in the second quarter. While our volume stabilized during January and February as expected, we have not seen the acceleration in volumes that was originally anticipated. Our shipments per day have remained consistent on a daily basis so far this year, but on a year-over-year basis shipments in April are trending down double-digits. Fortunately, our market-share has remained relatively consistent and our yield continues to improve. We believe the stability with our market-share during the first-quarter reflects the value of our service offering and the success of our long-term strategic planning. The guiding principles of this plan had been in place for many years and have helped us produce a strong track-record for long-term profitable growth throughout the economic cycle. This plan is centered on our ability to deliver superior service at a fair price to our customers and we remain committed to providing long-term service and claims free service as well. We will continue to focus on delivering a value proposition to our customers, while also maintaining a disciplined approach to managing the fundamental aspects of our business. This will include making the best decisions to help us navigate through a challenging environment in the short-term, while also positioning us for future opportunities to produce long-term profitable growth. While we like to measure our success over years, we believe it takes winning on a daily, weekly and monthly basis to add-up to long-term success. Our consistent focus and successful balance of long-term opportunities against short-term trends have helped us achieve a ten-year compound average growth rate in revenue and earnings per diluted share of 11.4% and 25% respectively.

I want to close my last earnings call as CEO by saying how incredibly proud. I am of the entire OD family of employees, all of 23000 of us and the track-record of success that we have produced together. I am encouraged by the prospects that our team has for future growth. Without any doubt, I stand firm in my belief that OD has the strongest team in the industry, the best service in the industry and is better-positioned than any LTL carrier to continue to win market-share, while also increasing shareholder value. Thank you for joining us this morning, and now I will turn things over to Marty for further discussion of the first quarter.

[Marty Freeman, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Thank you, Greg, and good morning. I want to first of all start by thanking Greg for his leadership and significant contributions to OD over his career, while also recognizing each OD employee for their critical role in our success. Together, we have produced remarkable improvements in our financial and operating results over the long term. And I can assure you that OD's team remains focused on continuing our record of strong profitable growth.

With respect to our first quarter, we delivered solid financial results, especially when considering the ongoing softness in the domestic economy and decrease in volumes. Although these factors contributed to the first decrease in quarterly revenue and earnings per diluted share since the second quarter of 2020, our market share has remained relatively consistent. As a result, we believe our decrease in volumes was largely due to some shippers simply having fewer shipments than normal due to the economy. Although there have been others that are beginning to emphasize price versus service and choosing lower-priced carriers. The operating environment has become more challenging than we anticipated and the expected acceleration in volumes has obviously not occurred. Despite these factors, we have maintained a commitment to our long-term strategic plan. We will continue to focus on providing shippers with superior service to support our ability to maintain our price discipline. Our consistent cost-based approach to manage yield and account profitability has been critical to our ability to improve our financial position over time, which has helped us support and continue to invest in technology and service center capacity. While capacity is not currently an industry issue due to the weakness in industry volumes, we believe this will once again become a critical differentiator for us when the economy improves. We believe our long-term consistent investment in service center capacity has been and remains a strategic advantage that supports our long-term market share goals.

During this period of revenue decline, we will also maintain a disciplined approach to managing our variable cost and discretionary spending to protect our profitability. This starts with a commitment to maximizing the operating efficiency of our fleet and network. Some of our productivity measurements in the first quarter were negatively impacted by the general loss of operating density associated with the decrease in our shipments and weight per shipment. This was evidenced by a 4.9% decrease in our line haul latent load average and a 1.0% decrease in our P&D shipments per hour. We improved our platform productivity; however, and generated a 5.8% increase in our platform shipments per hour. We also reduced our reliance on purchase transportation as compared to the first quarter of 2022 which allowed us to improve the overall efficiency of our operations. This contributed to the improvement in our variable cost as a percent of revenue during the first quarter.

We will also continue to work on improving the efficiency of our operations as we make our way through the balance of this year, which provides an opportunity to generate additional cost savings. While productivity is always a focus, we cannot and we will not allow it to impact our best-in-class service performance. Our team continued to deliver superior service during the first quarter with an on-time service of 99% and a cargo claims ratio of 0.1%. This service performance remains critical to support our yield management strategies.

We have said many times before that to produce long-term improvement in our operating ratio will continue to require a balance between operating density and yield management, both of which generally require a favorable macroeconomic environment. As just mentioned, we lost operating density in the quarter in the current environment due to the decline in volumes and the expansion of our network. Our yield has continued to consistently improve; however, and revenue per hundredweight, excluding fuel surcharges increased 8.6% during the first quarter. We will continue to demonstrate value to our customers by balancing our superior service offering with a consistent cost-based approach to our pricing. The resulting value proposition is unmatched in the LTL industry and will continue to support our ability to increase market share over the long term.

As we look forward to remaining quarters of this year, we currently anticipate the softer demand environment will continue. The second quarter is generally the period when volumes begin to accelerate, but we have yet to see an inflection towards growth. Nevertheless, I want to emphasize that we are well positioned to respond to any acceleration in volumes that might occur if and when the economy improves. Until that time comes, we will continue to focus on managing our costs and delivering value to our customers through our value proposition of on-time claims-free service at a fair price.

Delivering value is a central element of our long-term strategic plan, and we remain committed to execute on this plan regardless of the economic cycle. As a critical part of this plan, we will also continue to execute our capital expenditure program and most importantly, invest in the training, education and development of our OD family of employees. The economy will eventually recover, and we will -- and we are confident that when it does, our team's execution will allow us to achieve further growth and profitability while also increasing our shareholder value. Thanks for joining us today. Adam will now discuss our first quarter financial results in greater detail.

[Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Thanks, Marty, and good morning. Old Dominion's revenue decreased 3.7% in the first quarter of 2023 due to an 11.9% decrease in LTL tonnage that was partially offset by 9.2% increase in LTL revenue per hundredweight. The combination of this decrease in revenue and slight deterioration in our operating ratio contributed to the 0.8% decrease in earnings per diluted share to $2.58 for the quarter. On a sequential basis, revenue per day for the first quarter decreased 7.9% when compared to the fourth quarter of 2022 with LTL tons per day decreasing 4.3% and LTL shipments per day decreasing 3.4%. For comparison, the ten-year average sequential change for these metrics includes a decrease of 0.6% in revenue per day, a 0.5% decrease in tons per day and a 0.2% increase in shipments per day. The monthly sequential changes in LTL tons per day during the first quarter were as follows: January decreased 1.0% as compared with December, February decreased 0.2% versus January and March increased 0.7% as compared to February. The ten-year average change for the respective months was an increase of 1.2% in January, an increase of 1.7% in February and an increase of 5.2% in March. Our shipments per day over these same periods were relatively consistent on a sequential basis and increased slightly each month as we progressed through the first quarter.

While there are still a few work days remaining in April, our month-to-date revenue per day has decreased by approximately 15% when compared to April of 2022. Our LTL tonnage per day has also decreased by approximately 15%, while revenue per hundredweight has increased approximately 1% when including fuel surcharges and increased approximately 7.5% excluding fuel surcharges. Our revenue and shipment counts on a daily basis have been relatively consistent in April when compared to March of this year, except for the Good Friday and Easter holidays. As previously mentioned; however, we had expected to see acceleration in business levels by this point in the year based on customer feedback and our historical planning process.

While we would like to see our market share continue to increase again, we believe that it's more important to maintain our price discipline during this period of economic weakness, while positioning ourselves to emerge from a slow period with capacity and a better opportunity to produce strong profitable growth over the long term. We have operated in scenarios like this before, and we will continue to execute our plan and adjust to this lower-than-expected volume environment until an inflection point happens, and we can shift back into growth mode again.

Our first quarter operating ratio increased to 73.4% for the first quarter as the improvements in our direct operating costs did not sufficiently offset the increase in overhead cost as a percent of revenue. Many of our fixed cost categories increased as a percent of revenue during the quarter due to the deleveraging effect associated with the decrease in revenue as well as the timing and significance of certain expenditures. In particular, our depreciation and amortization costs increased 80 basis points and general supplies and expenses increased 30 basis points. Within our direct operating costs, our purchase transportation cost as a percent of revenue improved 140 basis points, while our productive labor cost improved 50 basis points. These changes more than offset the 50 basis point increase in operating supplies and expenses that was primarily due to an increase in our maintenance and repair costs.

Old Dominion's cash flow from operations totaled $415.4 million for the first quarter, and capital expenditures were $234.7 million. We currently anticipate our capital expenditures will be approximately $700 million this year, which is a $100 million decrease from our initial capital expenditure plan. We plan to continue with real estate expansion projects that are already in process and others that we believe will be critical to our long-term operating plan. We also plan to continue to purchase new equipment, which we believe will help lower the average age of our fleet and help reduce our maintenance cost per mile.

We utilized $141.7 million of cash for our share repurchase program and paid $44.1 million in dividends during the first quarter. Our effective tax rate was 25.8% and 26.0% for the first quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively. We currently expect our annual effective tax rate to be 25.6% for the second quarter of 2023. This concludes our prepared remarks this morning. Operator, we'll be happy to open the floor for questions at this time.

Questions and Answers

[Operator]

[Operator Instructions] The first question comes from Ravi Shanker with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

[Ravi Shanker, Analyst at Morgan Stanley]

Great, good morning, gentlemen. Maybe just a two-parter here. One is the uptick in April that didn't materialize. In your conversations with your customers, do you get a sense that this is just a pause while they figure out what's going on with the banking crisis and other things before they resume and their inventory is in a better situation or do you think the rebound is kind of completely pushed out maybe to '24? And also maybe as a follow-up, can you help us think about kind of fuel surcharge and how we think about that math through the rest of the year? Thank you.

[Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Yes. Certainly, it's been difficult to read the tea leaves this year and we felt like we've had a lot of good conversations with customers and continue to have them. But certainly, it seemed like the whole banking issue was a bit of cold water on the economy overall. I think that it just continues to be challenging overall and people question in some cases the direction of the economy and continue to be somewhat conservative as a result. But I think our business, we obviously have been talking about probably since the third quarter of last year an expectation that we would start seeing an uptick. And it didn't happen. Things have stabilized. We continue to be consistent. We continue to have good conversations though. And I would say within our direct business, having conversations with customers, we're seeing an increase in some of these accounts. When I look through our top 50 accounts, business that's not with the 3PL, we're seeing a good increase. We actually saw an increase in revenue with those accounts during the first quarter. Some of our business with 3PLs is suffering a little more. Like we said in our prepared comments, we're seeing some shippers that are prioritizing price over service right now. But you've got a lot of others, and I think that's why we're seeing the increase in our direct business that continue to think strategically about their supply chain, understand the value that we're delivering and know that this environment will turn again, and we helped many of these customers through challenging times and the pandemic and then the supply chain crisis that followed.

So I think it's a mixed bag across the board, but we continue to stay engaged, we're continuing to have favorable conversations and it's just a matter of when the economy eventually recovers, and we're certainly prepared for when that happens. It's just day in and day out. Our shipments per day have just been pretty consistent, pretty much all through the first quarter, and that's continuing into April.

[Ravi Shanker, Analyst at Morgan Stanley]

Great. And the fuel surcharge, is there any color there, that would be great.

[Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Yes. Certainly, the fuel surcharge, this is the quarter we talked about, it actually happened in March. In March, the average price per gallon was down about 18%. And right now with fuel being $4.10 somewhere in that range, it's -- fuel prices are down about 25%. So certainly, we'll see a bigger decrease on a year-over-year basis of fuel surcharges. That's end of the April number that we put out. Already, fuel in April is down about 20%. And so that's driving some of that 15% decrease that we're seeing in our April revenues on a year-over-year basis. But I think the impact is evident in our yield metrics.

We're continuing to see good yield increases. We're -- as we're going through bids and whatnot, we're continuing to talk about our cost plus increases that are necessary. But when we look at April and kind of where things are, the revenue per hundredweight continues to be solid. And we would expect to see sequential increase in the second quarter over the first quarter. That number should naturally start to trend back closer to what our longer-term averages have been from just a core yield increase standpoint, but the revenue per hundredweight with the fuel is reflecting that change now in fuel prices and the fuel surcharge. So that is starting to flatten out, if you will, just like the numbers that we talked about for what we've seen month-to-date for April.

[Ravi Shanker, Analyst at Morgan Stanley]

Very helpful. Thank you.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Jack Atkins with Stephens. Please go ahead.

[Jack Atkins, Analyst at Stephens]

Okay, great. Thank you for taking my questions this morning. So I guess, I'd love to, Adam, get your thoughts on operating ratio progression sequentially. Obviously, this is not a normal second quarter, at least it's not starting off as a normal second quarter in terms of how April is trending. Any way to kind of help us think about the puts and takes in terms of the OR progression first quarter to the second quarter relative to normal seasonality?

[Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Yes. This is certainly -- it's definitely not a usual type of quarter, as you said, I mean, with tonnage being down about 15%. It's been since '09 since we've seen that type of change or maybe back to the second quarter of '20 when the pandemic happened and the world shut down. But it's something that we've been consistently adjusting to. And frankly, we knew the second quarter comparisons were going to be more challenging this year when we looked through the balance of how the quarters would fall. But the buildup in March that we anticipated obviously didn't happen. That's where you start really getting a lot of that growth. And really, it happens throughout the first quarter. But March is typically a pretty good increase when you look at things on a shipments per day standpoint that should be up 5% or so. Right now, like I mentioned before, we're seeing shipments per day that's just pretty steady on a day in and day out basis coming in at somewhere around 47,000 shipments per day. And granted the April will have the impact, we don't do half day conventions, but we pretty much have about a half a day loss with the Good Friday and the Easter holidays. But if we don't come off of that number -- and I'll tell you, it's not like we're picking up the same 47,000 shipments day in and day out, we're getting increases with some accounts while others we're seeing decreases with. It's not as easy as maybe as what that sounds as it's consistent day in and day out. But if we don't see any further growth from there, we should see it in May, just the natural effect of just like the impact of the holidays, recovering from that a little bit of growth and if we can move forward from there. But overall, for the quarter, if we're still in this environment where there's no sequential increase, then we're looking at revenues that might be flattish in the second quarter with the first as compared to we're normally up about 10% on a per day basis.

So if that's the scenario that we're in, then I think that we're looking at an operating ratio that may be more consistent with the first quarter and could see some slight deterioration from there. I think our challenge will continue to be managing our direct variable cost, that's a productive labor, our operating supplies and expenses and so forth. If we're in the same type of shipments per day environment, managing those costs flat, maybe with some slight improvement as a percent of revenue, those were about 54% of revenue in the first quarter. And then from an overhead standpoint, those costs were about 19.5% in the first quarter. We'll continue to have an increase in the aggregate amount of depreciation expenses and some other dollars of overhead that might increase. So those costs could increase further as a percent of revenue from that 19.5%. But for us, it's certainly challenging, but I can tell you our teams, we're looking at costs, we're looking at productivity, we're looking at the size of the fleet and making adjustments on a day-by-day basis of trying to get in and save costs where we can. But like we mentioned before, doing all the right things that position us to come out of this downturn even stronger. And that's when the inflection when it happens when we really outperform for the longest time when we get into the slower macro periods, our market share is generally flatter as we maintain our price discipline. But then when we come out, that's when we really see the outperformance in our volumes versus the industry. So we're going to continue to -- with the same strategic plan that's got us to where we are today, and I think that we'll emerge from this thing even stronger.

[Jack Atkins, Analyst at Stephens]

Okay, Adam, thanks for that color. And Greg, congrats again on your retirement.

[Greg C. Gantt, President and Chief Executive Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Thanks, Jack.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Scott Group with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.

[Scott Group, Analyst at Wolfe Research]

Hey, thanks, good morning. I just -- one thing I just want to clarify and then I have my actual question. So your comment about OR may be flattish 1Q to 2Q. Is that -- that's assuming that there's none of the seasonal May and June uptick. Is that -- am I understanding that right? Well, assuming a little bit just the natural uptick that would happen in the sense of our May volumes should be somewhere -- I mean, where we are today, if they stay at this 47,000 range, it'd be a slight uptick over April just because of April being impacted by that half day that I mentioned for the Good Friday and Easter holidays. But you're correct. Just assuming that we stay in this sort of malaise where we don't see any incremental uptick and frankly, no decline either, but just staying in this flattish on a sequential basis, we certainly hope that there will be an uptick in volumes. We've seen some good trends, good couple of days this week, but I think that we certainly need to be mindful of kind of where we are and the fact that we don't see that positive inflection from an economic standpoint happening. And so I think we do need to talk about kind of where we are today. Obviously, we give our mid-quarter update. So if the inflection happens and we start seeing some growth, we're certainly ready and can handle it. And that's when we can start maybe talking about, seeing some incremental improvement if you will relative to the first quarter. But right now, it's just things on a day in, day out basis are -- have just been very steady as she goes from a revenue per day and a shipments per day standpoint. And then when you talk about volume down the most since '09, I guess I just want to understand like the pricing is holding up for you really, really well. At what point does that get tougher? Are you seeing any signs of competitive pressure just given the market continuing to get worse right now from a volume standpoint?

[Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Yeah, I mean it's certainly -- one, I think the comparison is a little bit tougher and that should get better as we progress through this year even if our numbers were to stay flatter, the numbers should start to show a little bit of improvement. But it's still a really soft environment out there. And I think that we've demonstrated a lot of value, and that's what we continue to talk about with our customers. And our costs continue to go up and we need increases. We've invested a lot in our network over the years, over the last ten years, about $4.5 billion of capital expenditures to grow our service center network to be and have capacity where our customers need us and to have the right fleet and the right team to be able to continue to deliver value to our customers. So we've invested a lot, and we intend to continue to invest. So I think that that doesn't change the conversations that we're having with shippers but in some cases, due to the economy and due to internal pressures, there are some shippers that got to look for cheaper price carriers. And we're a premium carrier, premium service and our price is generally a little bit higher than others. And so oftentimes, we'll hear feedback though from shippers that are making that short-term decision that they're doing it to meet internal thresholds and intend to give the volume back to us. Like I mentioned, we're seeing a little bit more transactional volume loss within our 3PL book of business right now, that's about one-third of our overall revenue in the first quarter. 3PLs were down a little worse than the company average revenue change. So that's something that would continue to be mindful of. And that too often flips and kind of ebbs and flows with the economy. But I think for us, it's just got to have a plan, and we have one and stay disciplined to it and just keep our focus on delivering service. That comes at a cost. There becomes a fixed element of running our line haul network and our P&D system to be able to continue to deliver service. And usually, this is when service breakdown occurs in the industry. When you become very focused on mitigating cost, and I think we're in a much stronger position than every other carrier. But when you start focusing on trying to mitigate cost in this type of environment when the other carriers have seen worse volume loss than us on average, that's when trailers start getting hailed longer to try to fill them up and on-time service starts declining, claims start increasing, other bad things happen that really, I think, or at least what we've seen in the past, we see a widening of the gap from a service performance on us versus the industry. So we expect that will play out again and when the economy starts recovering, it's obviously tough to manage through it on a day-by-day basis. But I think we get right back to our market share gains. I don't think anything has changed in the sense of what we think our long-term market share potential can be, what our long-term operating ratio goals are, none of that really changes. It just kind of news when the start point begins when we get back into market share growth mode again.

[Scott Group, Analyst at Wolfe Research]

Thank you for the time. I appreciate it.

[Operator]

[Operator Instructions] The next question comes from Jon Chappell with Evercore ISI. Please go ahead.

[Jon Chappell, Analyst at Evercore ISI]

Thank you. Good morning. Marty, you mentioned in your prepared remarks, and Adam, you kind of addressed it in a couple of your answers as well, but customers choosing price over service, have you seen any kind of significant cracks in the pricing dynamic given just the complete weakness in the volume side. And how would you compare kind of the pricing environment today versus other periods of recessionary volume backdrop?

[Marty Freeman, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Yeah, I've been through this a few times in my 40 years in transportation. And I think the worst I've ever seen was 2009, and we're nowhere near that. But there is some challenging pricing out there as there always is during low freight levels. Most of it we see is transactional mom-and-pop type shippers and inbound customers. So yes, it can be challenging out there, but it's not anything we haven't seen before, and it's not anything we can't work through and manage through.

[Jon Chappell, Analyst at Evercore ISI]

Thank you, Marty.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Tom Wadewitz with UBS. Please go ahead.

[Tom Wadewitz, Analyst at UBS Group]

Yeah, good morning. And I think I said this on the last call maybe, but if I didn't, congratulations, Greg, on the retirement and the great run you had. I actually want to ask along those lines, I guess you've seen -- you're retiring, someone on the teams moved to a competitor, there's some degree of change going on that will take place with the OD team. How do you think that may affect what you're doing at OD? What might be some of the risks around that? Are there risks around that? Are there potential things that you say, "Well, this was my approach obviously tremendously successful, but the next person might tweak things a bit." So I know that's kind of anticipatory, but any just thoughts on so the management things that are -- have taken place or will take place as you retire? Thanks.

[Greg C. Gantt, President and Chief Executive Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Sure, Tom. Don't mind addressing that at all. I appreciate the question. But fortunately, Tom, we've got a tremendously strong team here at OD. The folks replacing me have nearly as many years in some cases in the industry as I do. They are all 20-plus year veterans. They've been through everything since we started executing this plan many years ago. They've been through the thick and thin, the good times, the bad times, and they know who we are, they know what's made us successful. They understand our plan going forward. And I think we're in a great position to continue to execute on that plan. So Tom, there's always risk. Anytime you lose good people, certainly, there's risk. But I feel extremely good about where we are. We'll make the replacement and continue to move forward.

Again, thankfully, we had a plan to execute on my exit, if you will, and promoted the folks that certainly are capable of continuing to drive our results forward. So again, I feel good about it. I'm not concerned about that far at all. These guys know what to do and, hey, I feel extremely good about it. We've got a great team. You can see that in the results. It's not me, it's not just the folks here, but I think everybody truly understands what we're trying to do and how we're supposed to execute and handle customers' business on a daily basis and that's not going to change just because I'm out the door or any other one person left. Those fundamental things that we know how to do much better than our competitors. That's not going to change anytime soon. So I think the basics [Indecipherable] and those kinds of things without any doubt, we're far superior to all of our competitors. And again, that's not going to change. So I think we're in a good spot. And hey, I look forward to a whole lot of success down the road for OD.

[Tom Wadewitz, Analyst at UBS Group]

Ravi. Okay, great, thank you Greg.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Allison Poliniak with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

[Allison Poliniak, Analyst at Wells Fargo & Company]

Hi, good morning. Just let me go back to the comment on the top of the accounts. You did say there were actually some that were improving here. I guess any color that we can maybe read through on vertical or such that that's driving some of that improvement? And I guess, along with that, that stabilization when you kind of think of those larger customers, do you at least -- I know we don't have a view on the inflection, but at least the stabilization may hold? Just any color there. Thanks.

[Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Yes. It was pretty consistent performance between our retail and industrial customer base during the quarter. The revenue levels were generally about the same for both. But like I mentioned earlier, it's really a lot of the business that we're seeing, there's probably a little bit worse decline with business that's managed by 3PLs. And so that's fairly typical in a softer environment, if you will, and so not wholly unexpected completely. But -- but yes, we've seen just a consistency day in and day out with business levels in terms of the number of shipments per day that we've seen, it's been trending around 47,000 bills a day and we don't necessarily see that inflection point, if you will, happening.

Typically, you would start seeing an increase -- you'd see an increase in May of about 2.5% to 3% and then a further increase from May to June of 2%. And certainly, we'd like to think that, that might happen. But if you go back to when things really started decreasing, it was last year in April. March of last year was the last month where we had a nice sequential increase. Our business in February of last year was up about 5%. It was up another 3% in March. But then we started dropping off and basically have been flat to down for every month thereafter. And our shipments have been pretty consistent. They've increased very, very slightly, less than 1% each month. So pretty much consistent as we made our way through the -- each month of the first quarter, pretty much had been the same in April, again, other than those two days that we consider full days impacted by the holiday, but that's in our normal number. Typically, April would be up about 0.5% over March. And right now, we're down about 2.5% shipments per day. So that's -- some of that where we've just seen that consistent trend day in and day out. So do we start seeing some increase? Like I mentioned before, May just naturally should show a little bit of growth if we stay at this 47,000 bill level.

And do we start growing from there? Do we see 1% or 2% growth in June? I'd like to think that we would. And again, we've had a lot of good conversations. We've had some good hits here lately with customers. And -- but some of those same conversations we were having three months ago, where we were positive as well. So I think that right now, we just want to be conservative, if you will, and we're continuing to try to manage our costs down to this lower level of shipments. And I think that will continue to happen as we progress through the years. We focus on productivity. We're a little heavy with our fleet now as well, and we're working through some of those challenges. And -- but just trying to get everything balanced as best as we can while we stay in this sort of stable period, if you will.

But it's just not really seeing any kind of growth. But I'd say typically, April volumes from a shipments per day standpoint typically are fairly consistent with what our year-to-date average is. And we've seen that over time other than in 2020. And so that's something that we just sort of keep in mind from a planning standpoint. And we always have a plan for -- we have a baseline plan.

We've talked about this before that we enter every year with and then we have a bull scenario and a bear scenario. And '21 was more at that bull case scenario, and this year is more in the bear. So we start with a plan, if things materialize like this, and that's about at the level where we are, and we're executing on that plan.

[Allison Poliniak, Analyst at Wells Fargo & Company]

Great, thank you.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Amit Mehrotra with Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.

[Amit Mehrotra, Analyst at Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft]

Thanks, operator. Hi, everyone. Quick question. When was the last time shipments in 2Q were worse than 1Q? I don't know or I don't think there's ever been a time that that's been the case. But if you can just help me with that? And then when does the drawdown on weights abate? We're at 1,550 now. Are we at the point where we stabilize at these levels? So those two points. And then -- and Adam, historically, you've lost lanes in past downturns to high-quality regional players or maybe lower cost. I don't think that's happened maybe up until now. I don't know if that's happening now that maybe explain some of the weakness in April. But if you can talk about kind of what the customers are doing from a trade down effect to some of the regional, maybe equally or as high-quality players?

[Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Yeah, it's from second quarter to first quarter standpoint, other than the second quarter of '20, when the world shut down, we've not really seen a decrease in shipments. And that too kind of played into our general thinking, even years like 2009, 2016, 2019, weaker years, we still had some marginal improvement in shipments in the second quarter versus the first. And so right now, that's kind of trending flattish. We'll see how things shake out for the remainder of the period. And like I said, maybe we'll get some growth. And certainly, it will be out there as we put our mid-quarter update, we'll put the final April update in our 10-Q. And if we see some continued acceleration this week, that will be in the number, but we just don't see a big inflection point happening like we did in, say, 2017 that spurred that growth of '17 through '18 and what we saw in the back part of 2020 that continued to accelerate through '21 like it happened. And so we're still waiting for that point, but we don't see it kind of on the near term. And so we just managed to kind of where we are. But yes, that's kind of the challenge in what we're seeing. It's partly why I mentioned earlier that our revenues in the second quarter are typically up 9%, 10% and that's why we always get so much margin improvement in the second quarter as well. And so that becomes the challenge as we manage through this particular period.

But with respect to your other question on the customer base, I don't know that we're seeing a significant loss other than that's some of what's going on underneath, I think, with some of the 3PL business, that they can leverage their carrier relationships and move some freight. And some of this is transactional as well. But they can take advantage of relationships and see who has capacity and who's got a cheaper price and move some business away. But that's some of the feedback where we've heard customers coming to us and saying, look, I need to do this to meet my own call center objectives, if there's an internal mandate to save X dollars that they've got to try to meet in some way. But generally speaking, that freight comes back to us. If we ever lose freight, it's on price, but we generally always gain it back for service quality and capacity down the road. So we're confident that -- that that trend will continue to play out again and that we'll see any of this freight loss eventually come back to us. It's just a matter of -- it seems like that's being pushed further down the road than the inflection point that we thought would happen beginning with this spring.

[Amit Mehrotra, Analyst at Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft]

What about weight?

[Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary at Old Dominion Freight Line]

The weight per shipment. I guess you've embedded three questions in one, but my memory was short. Yes, the weight per shipment, it's down a little bit further. I think we're getting to the stabilization point. Right now in April, it's about 1,525 pounds. Historically, we would get down in lower periods to about 1,550 pounds or so. But if you recall, we made some strategic decisions in '21 and exited from some of the spot [Indecipherable] heavier-type shipments, these 8,000-pound, 10,000-pound type loads and that had an effect of really lowering our overall weight per shipment. So despite the weakness, we're not going back and trying to bring in freight that we didn't think fit our network for the long term. So just going along with the economy, we've seen a little further deceleration and that weight per shipment being down to 1,525 pounds. So that's a little bit worse. April is always usually down 0.5% or 1% off of March. Some of that is March builds up at the end of the quarter, but we're down a little bit more. But I feel like that's stabilizing that probably our low watermark in a softer economy will be 1,525 pounds 1,530 pounds maybe. But yes, we think that's getting to a stabilization point or so it seems.

[Amit Mehrotra, Analyst at Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft]

Thank you.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Chris Wetherbee with Citi. Please go ahead.

[Chris Wetherbee, Analyst at Smith Barney Citigroup]

Hey, thanks, good morning. Adam, just kind of curious how you think about headcount going forward here? Obviously, a lack of seasonality might influence this, but you've been bringing it down sequentially over the last few quarters. Just want to get a sense maybe how much more room you have in terms of rightsizing that labor force? And maybe is there a line where you feel like you don't necessarily want to go beyond?

[Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Yeah, it's continued to drift lower on a sequential basis. The average was down about 3.5% in the first quarter versus the fourth quarter. But our peak, if you will, for full-time head count was in May of last year and through normal attrition and just some places making other decisions, if you will, just balancing our number of employees with the freight volumes that exist, we've had to work through those on a case-by-case basis throughout our 255 locations. But I expect that, that will continue to drift a little bit lower as attrition continues to happen from where we are today through the end of June. And we're getting to a point, I think, that if you kind of compare where we are, if we continue to drift maybe 1% or 2% lower as we progress through the second quarter to where the year-over-year change by the end of June may be in that 9% to 10% type of range. And then that's coming back into balance. We've always talked about the change in headcount typically reconciles with the overall change in shipment count as well. And -- so if we're looking at that, I think by the end of June, that change in shipments on a month-over-month basis, those two numbers may start coming back into payer team with one another. That is the change in full-time employees and the change in our shipments on a year-over-year basis.

[Chris Wetherbee, Analyst at Smith Barney Citigroup]

That's helpful. Appreciate it. Thank you.

[Operator]

The next question comes from Bascome Majors with Susquehanna. Please go ahead.

[Bascome Majors, Analyst at Susquehanna Bancshares]

Thanks for taking my question. You've been pretty open about some of the share and pricing challenges with 3PL business. Can you walk us through a little bit on how that emerges. Are you seeing larger carriers reduce their rates across-the-board with 3PLs and losing business that way or is this more targeted dynamic pricing and just if that cyclical dynamic, which I'm sure, has been around before, if that is evolving any differently this cycle than last cycle, we'd love to hear more about it. Thank you. Yeah, I think it's hard for us to say. We don't always know the reasons behind. I mean the feedback we get is that someone's cheaper. We don't know necessarily that variance or that reason why. I think that we're obviously one of the first carriers to report and just continue to watch what the others are doing, what their numbers are looking like and hear what the others have to say, I think. Others have said that they've got price discipline, but we've seen one carrier's yield flatten out. So I think all we can do is just continue to sort of watch and see what others are doing, but that doesn't impact what we do. We've got a plan. We stay committed to it, and we know what value we deliver and we just got to stay disciplined, and that's what we'll do. So it's never good to kind of live through it in a moment, and we've done this time and time again. But like I said, it's not totally unexpected to see some of that business just given the softness in the economic environment and cost challenges that people are facing in general to be looking at ways they might be able to save on price in the current term. But what we always say is price doesn't equal cost. We deliver value to our customers. And when you consider total cost of transportation, when you deliver 99% on time and have a claims ratio of 0.1% and you save money by shipping with Old Dominion and that's what our position continues to be. It's just our sales team. They've got to stay engaged with our customers and demonstrate value. We've got to continue to maintain our service metrics, and we will, that is certainly a focus for us, and we'll manage through this. But like we said before, and I think it's played out when you look at our numbers and the long-term improvement that we've made with respect to our margins and the cash from operations that we generate and are able to reinvest back in our business on behalf of our customers, we've got to maintain our disciplined approach. And I think that it's proven itself out in the long run and is a key difference why our numbers look a lot different from some of the others. But when you look-back to 2019 or a 2016, does the rising competitiveness on price and share of the 3PL channel feel different this time. Just curious if this all rides or something, feels like it's changed here. Thank you.

[Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary at Old Dominion Freight Line]

No I wouldn't say it's...

[Greg C. Gantt, President and Chief Executive Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

It's maybe a little bit different Bascome, but not wholly and completely. And just to add a little color to what Adam said, generally speaking with our 3PLs, we're not losing contractual business. Some of those contractual accounts may be down just because the general economy is slower, they may possibly be down, but that's not where we're losing. And the transactional stuff, as Adam talked about before, that's where we're seeing a deterioration in our revenue with those specific 3PLs. They all have a large piece of business that's transactional, that's the customers may ship once, twice whatever a week, smaller type accounts. And that's where we're seeing the losses from our standpoint. So it's just business that they can price on the fly. And we're never going to be the low-cost guy on the fly, if you will. So anyway, that's more of what we've seen. It's not losing business by any stretch.

[Bascome Majors, Analyst at Susquehanna Bancshares]

Thank you.

[Greg C. Gantt, President and Chief Executive Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

The next question comes from Ken Hoexter with Bank of America. Please go ahead.

[Ken Hoexter, Analyst at Bank of America]

Great, good morning. Greg, good luck in retirement and maybe West might be giving you a call soon.

[Greg C. Gantt, President and Chief Executive Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

I'm not sure that -- yes, maybe [Indecipherable] on this Board and that one.

[Ken Hoexter, Analyst at Bank of America]

Marty, I just want to clarify, I just want to make sure I heard you right. Did you say this is not abnormal in terms of the part of the cycle on pricing? And then my question for Adam or Greg, I guess, is just the ability to be fluid on cost, right? So you've always talked about more so than peers given the fixed cost structure of the less than truckload market and OD's focus on keeping people, how do you shift -- how do you think about shifting costs or what moves you make now with volumes down 15%? I know you always want to be prepared and have the 25% capacity available, but what do you think about on the cost and impact OR? Thanks.

[Marty Freeman, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Yes. This is not abnormal in this type of environment -- economic environment. You have some of our competitors, they think offering a more competitive or lower price will keep the customer there. Many times, it does not because the customer will always come back to having their cargo delivered on time and claim free. We've learned that over the years. So it's not abnormal. We choose to tighten our belt and manage our labor. And when the slow times pass, we're in a great position to keep our OR going downwards so. But it's not abnormal to see low prices in any environment with any company. So we've seen it before, and it will pass like it always does. And Adam, I'll let you handle the...

[Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Yes. I would only say on the call standpoint, I mean, obviously, we've switched to where our variable costs or the majority of our cost base now, probably 70% or more of our costs now are variable in nature. And obviously, we've got a big fixed cost base, and we're seeing the loss leverage with the revenue decline there driving some of that. But some of the increase in those overhead costs in the first quarter also comes from the fact that we're on a little bit of a different schedule with respect to our equipment plan. We were taking delivery in the fourth quarter of equipment, taken delivery in the first quarter, which is unusual, and that was part of why we had anticipated a sequential increase in those depreciation costs as a percent of revenue. But given all the challenges from a fleet standpoint, that's driving some of our costs. It's also driving some of the maintenance and repair costs, like I mentioned. We're seeing an increase in cost per mile. Some of that is just due to general inflation related to parts and repairs. But some of it, too, just relates to the fact that we're bringing in equipment. We've -- on a different schedule. We've held equipment through '21 and '22 and our average fleet age has increased as a result, where probably our average fleet age is about 5.5 years now. We like it to be around 4 years. And so we'll work on balancing that as we take out some of the older equipment from the fleet and adjusting our fleet, if you will, to the lower shipment levels, and that will help from a cost and an efficiency standpoint.

But 80% of our costs are salaries, wages and benefits and ops supplies and expenses. And line haul is a big element underneath that. And so that's why we've got to stay disciplined. We mentioned in our prepared comments about our line haul load factor being down like it is. I can tell you that's a focus. That's a lot of dollars, not only from a labor standpoint, but that's what creates the miles that we run. And so that's -- we can drive some improvement there. That will help us from both labor and fuel, in particular, while we're also making some adjustments on the fleet that will help with both depreciation and maintenance costs. But like I think I said earlier, there's an element that becomes fixed -- about every variable cost is fixed in the short run. And if we want to continue to deliver service and we are, there becomes a fixed element within that line haul component. And so we've got to be able to do both, frankly. We're not going to lose our focus on giving service, but we've got some room for improvement. And that's what our team talks about every week and frankly, every day.

Out in the field is where we can drive some efficiency. That's going to be the biggest self-help area. It always has been. And that's the work that we've got cut out for us as we go through the last three quarters of this year. I think I've said before that when we look at our direct operating costs, these variable cost, productive labor and ops supplies and expenses and so forth, even in slower periods in the past, even in 2009, we were able to generate some improvement in those costs as a percent of revenue on a year-over-year basis.

And so the operating loss in '09 being with our fixed overhead cost and so that's the challenge that continues to be in front of us. And in the second quarter, I mentioned, if we can keep those costs at 54%, they were about 53% in the second quarter of last year. So we're going to have a little bit of headwind there, but we've got to continue to work those costs down as we progress through the year, and that will be the operating challenge that we face.

[Ken Hoexter, Analyst at Bank of America]

Great. Marty, Greg, Adam. Thank you for your time. I appreciate it.

[Greg C. Gantt, President and Chief Executive Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Thank you, Ken.

[Operator]

The last question today will come from Bruce Chan with Stifel. Please go ahead.

[J. Bruce Chan, Analyst at Stifel Nicolaus]

Hey, thanks, operator, and good morning everyone. I just want to come at the volume question from a little bit of a different angle. You've had some competitors that were going through some labor negotiations this year. One is going through a pretty significant change of ops. Do you see any volume coming into the network because of or maybe in anticipation of those events? And then, Adam, maybe just a quick housekeeping question. You gave us some good color on the fleet age. How long do you think it's going to be before you're back at that sort of target four years?

[Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary at Old Dominion Freight Line]

I would say that we should make a lot of progress this year. We've got a fair amount of equipment right now that we've got identified that we want to be able to move out of the system, but that takes a fair amount of time to happen. It's not just an overnight thing where you're selling a used car and you posted on a website. So it's going to take us a little bit of time to kind of work through that, but we've got a plan. We've met several times recently talking about kind of the needs there, and we'll continue to work through it. So I think that we'll make considerable progress this year as we're still bringing on -- we reduced our CapEx for equipment, but we're still going to be bringing on a fair number of new units and more of the progress will be hanging -- or getting rid of some of these older units that we've been hanging on to.

And I'll say we're not out of the woods yet when it comes to parts availability and so forth. We're still finding that there are continuing to be supply chain issues out there. And when we've got equipment that has been down for maintenance, equipment has stayed down for longer periods of time. So we're continuing to kind of manage through those challenges while we're also trying to manage cost. But I think we'll end up by the end of this year making pretty steady progress on working that number much lower than where it was at the end of last year, kind of working both ends of the spectrum, if you will.

[J. Bruce Chan, Analyst at Stifel Nicolaus]

Great, thanks. And then just on the volume side, any discernible share wins from many of those union competitors.

[Greg C. Gantt, President and Chief Executive Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

It's kind of hard to say, Bruce. We get reports from our national account folks on a regular basis. And we have wins on business from those folks as well as others. So I don't know that you can really point to contract negotiations or whatever the case as any reason that we're getting business. We haven't really seen that.

[J. Bruce Chan, Analyst at Stifel Nicolaus]

Got it. Fair enough. Thank you.

[Greg C. Gantt, President and Chief Executive Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Thanks.

[Operator]

This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Greg C. Gantt, for any closing remarks.

[Greg C. Gantt, President and Chief Executive Officer at Old Dominion Freight Line]

Well, thanks, everybody, for your participation today. We appreciate your questions. Feel free to give us a call if you have anything further. I hope you have a great day. Thank you.

[Operator]

[Operator Closing Remarks]

Participants

Corporate Executives

• Drew Andersen, Senior Director, Product Management
• Greg C. Gantt, President and Chief Executive Officer
• Marty Freeman, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
• Adam N. Satterfield, Senior Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary

Analysts

• Ravi Shanker, Morgan Stanley
• Jack Atkins, Stephens
• Scott Group, Wolfe Research
• Jon Chappell, Evercore ISI
• Tom Wadewitz, UBS Group AG
• Allison Poliniak, Wells Fargo & Company
• Amit Mehrotra, Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft
• Chris Wetherbee, Smith Barney Citigroup
• Bascome Majors, Susquehanna Bancshares, Inc.
• Ken Hoexter, Bank of America Co.
• J. Bruce Chan, Stifel Nicolaus