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Fastenal Q3 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

Operator

Hello and welcome to the Fastenal 2023 Q3 Earnings Results Conference Call and Webcast. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded.

It's now my pleasure to turn the call over to Taylor Ranta of the Fastenal Company. Please go ahead, Taylor.

Taylor Ranta Oborski
Financial Reporting & Regulatory Compliance Manager at Fastenal

Welcome to the Fastenal Company 2023 third quarter earnings conference call. This call will be hosted by Dan Florness, our President and Chief Executive Officer; and Holden Lewis, our Chief Financial Officer.

The call will last for up to one hour and will start with a general overview of our quarterly results and operations with the remainder of the time being open for questions and answers. Today's conference call is a proprietary Fastenal presentation and is being recorded by Fastenal. No recording, reproduction, transmission or distribution of today's call is permitted without Fastenal's consent. This call is being audio simulcast on the Internet via the Fastenal Investor Relations homepage, investor.fastenal.com. A replay of the webcast will be available on the website until December 1, 2023 at midnight Central Time.

As a reminder, today's conference call may include statements regarding the company's future plans and prospects. These statements are based on our current expectations and we undertake no duty to update them. It is important to note that the company's actual results may differ materially from those anticipated. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from anticipated results are contained in the company's latest earnings release and periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and we encourage you to review those factors carefully.

I would now like to turn the call over to Mr. Dan Florness.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

Thank you, Taylor. Good morning, everybody, and thank you for joining our third quarter call. I'll start on the -- reference the flip book on Page 3. Conditions remained challenging in the third-quarter of '23 reflected in daily sales growth rate of 4%. Still regardless of the year, we celebrate milestones when they occur. I remember just over 10 years ago when we hit $10 billion in daily sales for the first time, we recognized that. On this call, as well as internally to celebrate that milestone of some years later we hit $20 billion. Here, in the month of September, we broke $30 million in sales per day for the first time in our history and my congratulations to the Fastenal organization for hitting that milestone.

Our sales growth in the quarter translated into EPS growth or EPS of $0.52, 4.1% growth over the same-period last year. Our results reflect the unique product profile of our business. Fasteners still constitute about a third of our sales and within that sub-category, about 63% is an OEM oriented fastener and that business can be very cyclical because of the production needs of each of the customers we're serving. If you look at the rest of the business, it tends to be much more MRO oriented. Our fastener daily sales as you've seen in our monthly sales release have decelerated at a faster rate than our non-fastener business as we've gone through the calendar year.

The third quarter operating margin was 21%, which matched last year despite the one less selling day and so you know what, earlier I spoke about the $30 million we do on a day. The quarter had one less day. Some of our expenses are tethered to the day, most are not and so pleased that the team was able to match the operating margin of 21% from last year. But I believe that understates the reality of the performance. If you looked at it on a same day basis, we believe we would have increased the operating margin because we'd had roughly $10 million more, about a third of that $30 million in operating income because that -- a good chunk of that flows through because of the change in the nature of the expense.

The Blue Team, if I think about the last several years, we had a unique opportunity to serve the marketplace because of our pristine balance sheet. When COVID hit the globe back in 2020, we were able to step forward and secure and purchase and fund with cash a meaningful increase in inventory primarily centered on safety supplies because our customers and society in general needed something to get through that period. We were proud to be part of the solution. We were able to do that because of our balance sheet.

As the global economy reemerged from the pandemic, we saw firsthand and you saw it in daily news clippings about congestion that was going on in supply chains around the planet. Again, as supply chains became more rocky and you couldn't rely on how many days it would take to get product, there is a solution to that. It's stock more products and we beefed up our balance sheet and our cash flow suffered as a result, but I believe our standing with our customers and in the marketplace never performed better because the market could rely on the covenant that Fastenal provided to them in being a great supply chain partner.

As we moved deeper into 2022 and now into 2023, we've been able to unwind a piece of that and as a result, on a year-to-date basis, we have converted 121% of our net earnings into operating cash flow. That's our highest performance in a decade that's averaged just shy of 100%, about 95%. If I look at it from the standpoint of relative to a year ago, in the quarter, our operating cash grew about 51%. Year-to-date, our operating cash has grown 69%. Again, part of that's a reflection of the investments we made to serve our marketplace and our ability to unwind that in the current environment and translate that into cash flow for the organization to serve our shareholders and to serve the business as we move into the future.

Our Onsite and FMI installed bases in our digital footprint continue to expand and earlier this year, we did some restructuring and we announced the elevation of Jeff Watts to Chief Sales Officer in the organization. We did some restructuring of the sales side of our organization because we wanted to double down on the challenge we put in place in front of everybody going back to the 2015 time frame and that was really stepping into what we saw is an untapped opportunity to grow our business faster and that was to expand our onsite presence.

It was earlier this year that for the first time, the number of Onsites in the organization outnumbered the number of branches in the organization and that delta continues to expand. And we believe that each of our district managers has the potential in their market to land two Onsites per year and it's our job and part of the purpose of the restructuring of the sales team was to really decide hey, we believe it, but we haven't done it. Let's do this thing. We expanded -- not too many years ago, we were signing 80 Onsites a year and we laid out a plan to get to 400 a year.

We expect as you see on the next page, we'll do about 350 this year, but we haven't hit that number and we've been kind of stuck. Now COVID threw some challenges our way. It's never an easy time to move in with somebody when they're trying to isolate from the rest of the world and that challenged our ability to grow coming out of COVID. But looking at the opportunity that's out there, I believe we can do that. We need to turn that belief into reality.

Flipping to Page 4. Speaking of Onsites, we just signed 93 in the quarter. So our active sites, there are 1,778, 13.5% greater than they were at the end of third quarter of 2022 and our daily sales in those Onsites excluding transferred business when you open an Onsite is in the low-double-digit rate. So we're seeing good growth there. We're just not signing enough and as I said, we still anticipate signing roughly 350 this year. FMI technology, there we set lofty goals as well. We said can we do 100 a day, down to 100 a quarter, but 100 a day of our weighted device count.

Now we did 5,969 during the quarter, 95 per day versus 81 a year ago. The team is performing really well here. We're not at the 100. The 100 is a goal and we will push and push and push till we get there, but I'm really proud of what the team is doing. And you see that shine through when you look at our sales by product line in our monthly and quarterly releases. One thing you do see is our safety business grew almost 10% in the month of September and a lot of that could be attributed to the success we're seeing in FMI and it's our anticipation we'll sign between 23,000 and 25,000 MAUs this year and that's a combination of FASTBin and FASTVend.

E-commerce, it's still in the scheme of things a relatively small piece of our business. It's just under 25%, but it's up from single-digits not too many years ago and it currently grows -- it grew about 41% during the quarter and that's really a case of the marketplace saying to us we'd prefer to purchase from you this way. And our team in the field and our team and technology building an ever better mousetrap to serve into that market. As I've shared on prior calls, we still believe to go on this piece of our business because a chunk of e-commerce is that unplanned spend and our goal is to keep making that easier for our team to do in the field.

Finally, if you roll up FMI and e-commerce, we talk about our digital footprint. How much of our revenue is touching some digital aspect of engagement? We were at 57% in the quarter versus 49.5% a year ago. Our challenge to the team is targeting 60% sometime before we exit this year and our long-term expectation is still at that 85% we've talked about in the past that we believe will be part of our digital footprint as we move into the future. In addition to our earnings release, there's several 8-Ks that have gone out around the earnings time and I thought I'd share just some insight on the three.

The first one and I believe it went out yesterday evening after market close, we announced as we do typically on a quarterly basis the dividend. We announced a $0.35 dividend, which is consistent with the dividend we paid in each of the first three quarters of the year. We also announced a few leadership changes. One is a press release we put out. One of the individuals that's been very influential in our ability to beef up our inventory during COVID and ramp it back down and overseeing the distribution and transportation teams as well is Tony Broersma.

Tony has been with the organization roughly 20 years and he has demonstrated through a career and we identify -- we lay out his career in the press release the different roles he has had, but he has demonstrated excellence. And yesterday, I asked the Board of Directors to elevate him to Executive Vice President over operations, so essentially elevating his role and that his responsibility will be largely unchanged from what he had previously, but it's recognizing his performance and what we see in the future of Tony within the organization.

A second filing went out. It's a required filing related to one of our officers who has decided to move on to a new chapter in his career and it's Terry Owen, our Chief Operations Officer. I've known Terry for many years. He's been with the organization. I believe all told, he has been at the organization about 28 years. The official documents say it's 24.5 because he was in the -- early years part time with the organization, but then he came full time. He had break and service their. But Terry has demonstrated a career of exemplary service to the organization.

We've had some conversation in recent months about some aspirations he had and he is looking at the number of years he has left in his career and what he wants to do as he moves into his next chapter life. He discovered an opportunity thought was quite compelling that would serve his desire for the future as well as his family. Terry relocated to the East Coast of the U.S. several years ago for family reasons and all I can say that Terry is good friend. I wish you best of luck in your next endeavor and thank you for the team that you developed, Tony being one of them, but thank you for the team you developed.

The organization has always prided itself on our ability to build leaders and promote from within. And every time we see a person decide to take a new chapter in life, whether that chapter is retirement or going into a family business or whatever the case might be, we always see another layer of talent right behind that person ready to step in and discover their future and their opportunity.

With that, I'll turn it over to Holden.

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

Thank you, Dan. Good morning, everyone. I'm going to start on the slide deck on Slide 5. Total sales in the third quarter of 2023 were up 2.4%. Adjusting for the fact that we had one fewer selling day in the quarter, our daily sales were up 4%. Frankly the dynamics of the quarter varied very little from the second quarter of 2023. Macro data points and feedback from the regional leadership continue to point to sluggish demand and a cautious outlook for spending in production. We are certainly encouraged by the improvement in our September daily sales rate to up 5%. However, it seems to have more to do with easing comparisons in certain parts of our business than a clear signal affirming customer demand or brightening outlooks.

Dynamics around our products, customers and end markets have also trended similarly over the past three and six months. Manufacturing grew 6.4% despite soft demand benefiting from further growth in the Onsite installed base and initiatives in national accounts in the field to target key account planned spend, which is disproportionately manufacturing oriented. Non-manufacturing was down 1.3%. So the rate of decline moderated as we began to hit easier comparisons in non-residential construction, reseller and warehousing customers.

From a product standpoint, fasteners are relatively weak at down 2% due to their more cyclical profile and rapid pricing moderation. In contrast, non fastener products remained healthy due to further growth in our vending installed base and improved comparisons. As it relates to pricing, it remains positive, but has come back to a range of 0% to 2% that we consider to be typical under normal economic conditions. We did experience very modest deflation within our fastener product line.

Now to Slide 6. Operating margin in the third quarter of 2023 was 21% equaling our margin from the third quarter of 2022. We typically believe that given mid single-digit daily sales growth, we should be able to defend our margin, however, that we were able to do so despite the headwinds related to the one fewer sales day that Dan described in his prepared remarks points to what we believe was more effective cost management by the Blue Team relative to the second quarter of 2023.

Gross margin was 45.9%, flat in the period from the prior year. Freight remained favorable reflecting modest leverage of our captive fleet expenses, reduced use of external freight providers, lower fuel and reduced shipping costs. We also benefited from the absence of last year's $3.4 million glove write-down and slightly positive price cost. These favorable variables match the margin drag related to product and customer mix. The impact of mix is slightly less negative and the impact of price cost was slightly more positive than anticipated at the second quarter call. We did not take any incremental pricing actions in the period and the favorable price cost in the current period largely regains the negative price cost we discussed in the third quarter of 2022.

We expect price cost to trend neutral in coming quarters. SG&A was 25% of sales, up from 24.8% of sales mostly due to the one fewer sales day. We experienced modest payroll leverage with lower incentive pay reflecting slower growth in the third quarter of 2023 versus the third quarter 2022. This was more than offset by rising information technology spend, the increase in general insurance costs, increased expenses to maintain our selling related truck fleet and higher bad debt. Relative to the second quarter of 2023, the organization tightened its management of discretionary expenses where spending on travel, meals and supplies being down 0.6% year-to-year and continued moderation of growth in our FTE count. Putting everything together, we reported third quarter 2023 EPS of $0.52, up 4.1% from $0.50 in the third quarter of 2022.

Turning to Slide 7. We generated $388 million in operating cash in the third quarter of 2023 or 131% of net income in the period. Cash generation is traditionally strong in third quarter, though, conversion in the current quarter was stronger than is historically typical. This reflects reduced need for working capital as demand slows down and improvements in inventory. The resulting strong cash flow means our balance sheet remains conservatively capitalized at the end of the third quarter of 2023 with debt ending at 7% of total capital versus 9.4% in the second quarter of 2023 and 14.9% in the third quarter of 2022.

Year-over-year, accounts receivable were up 5.4%, which is a combination of sales growth and the impact of mix due to faster growth from larger customers, which tend to have longer terms. Inventories fell 9.8%. Slower customer demand, reduced working capital needs were unwinding inventory layers built in late 2021 and early 2022 to manage supply chain constraints and our field and hub operations have sustainably streamlined inventory processes. Our days on hand fell again to 134.6 days, the lowest since 2002, which reflects improved velocity of inventory through our internal network, a reduction of retail stock and branches and improvements in stocking processes.

We reduced our net capital spending range to $180 million to $190 million, down from $210 million to $230 million. This largely reflects timing and deferrals related to hub automation and expansion projects that we do expect to be included in next year's capital spending plans. The third quarter of 2023 profiled very similarly to the second quarter of 2023. We continued to experience stagnant demand, a cyclical shift favoring non-fasteners and a secular shift favoring larger manufacturing oriented customers. Growth driver performance is not quite where we'd like it to be, but it's at levels that continue to support good growth in our installed base, success in providing differentiated value to our customers and further cost and asset efficiency.

Operating margin performance remained stable despite the slow growth and our capacity to generate cash to reinvest in the business remains strong. We did begin to experience easier comparisons in certain markets and our management of discretionary expenses improved over the preceding quarter. We continue to believe we are positioned to meaningfully accelerate sales growth when underlying demand improves while sustaining strong profitability and returns.

With that operator, we'll turn it over to begin the Q&A.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Our first question is coming from Nigel Coe from Wolfe Research. Your line is now live.

Nigel Coe
Analyst at Wolfe Research

Thanks. Good morning, everyone.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

Good morning.

Nigel Coe
Analyst at Wolfe Research

So the price cost definitely coming a bit better than what we expected. Is this a simpler thinking about the ocean freight rate normalization and we're starting to see that now coming through from inventory. So I'm just wondering if -- we obviously talk about the freight benefits. Just wondering if that's more ocean bound freight as opposed to domestic?

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

I think, Nigel, there's a little bit of that that's flowing through. But we've definitely seen lower costs related specifically to our fastener line and I think that's largely what you're seeing. So yeah, when we think about what caused a lot of the inflation in our business, there was an element of it that was raw material, but there was a fairly significant element that was related to transportation. And so yeah, I think you're just seeing some of that gradual impact play through. But I want to also give a lot of credit to the organization and particularly sort of the field and the national accounts teams and the folks that manage pricing. I mean, I believe five years ago that we wouldn't as effectively have been able to align our pricing and cost in the way we have. The variance that we've had against what's going on in the market has been fairly tame.

If you remember, this quarter last year, we were talking about 20 basis point deficit. And we felt that, that was going to -- we felt at the time that we hadn't quite caught up with where costing went with fasteners. And I think our guidance at the time was we kind of expect that costing to catch up. It has caught up and probably came in a little bit, but I think over coming quarters, you're going to see the benefit that we saw this quarter, which largely recaptures the deficit we saw a year ago. I think you're going to see that begin to moderate. So it wasn't what we expected either. As you know, we target neutral. We continue to target neutral, but I don't think that it's a sustained trend either. I think as we go through the next couple of quarters, it's going to trend back to neutral.

Nigel Coe
Analyst at Wolfe Research

Okay. Thanks, Holden. And then on the capex that pushed out to the projects. Was that an elective push out? Just wanted to see if it was maybe just, I don't know, supply chain challenges from a supply side or is that elective?

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

The majority of it was not elective. We had a -- there is a piece of property in there, the signing of which just got pushed out from fourth quarter to first quarter. That's just a calendar timing issue. We did have some automation projects where it's just a matter of when the product is going to come in. We always do it would be later in the year and it's just going to sort of cross the calendar line. So the majority of it relates to projects that we remain committed and excited about and will fall into the 2024, it was more a function of timing. No, I will say that earlier in the year, we did say, look, take a look at your budgets. It's not a great year in terms of demand and tightened some stuff up. So I think there's some elements in there of what you're talking about and that's just about enforcing discipline across the organization. But I think the larger portion of it relates to projects that will be coming back into the business in 2024.

Nigel Coe
Analyst at Wolfe Research

Got it. Okay. Thanks a lot.

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Next question is coming from Chris Snyder from UBS. Your line is now live.

Chris Snyder
Analyst at UBS Investment Bank

Thank you. I wanted to follow-up on some of the price cost commentary. I understand that price cost was positive from a year-on-year perspective, but I think you said the deficit was largely caught up. How much would kindly maybe imply that you're still a bit price cost negative at the moment? So when we think about that trajectory back to neutral, is that like incremental price cost positive to get there or is that incremental price cost give back to get there? Thank you.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

I mean, I guess, I'm viewing the next couple of quarters as being the inverse of the last few. Again, if you remember, in Q3, we talked about fasteners. We had a little bit of a deficit in price cost and the guidance at the time was that over the next few quarters, you would see that deficit begin to decline. Was there a fastener deficit in Q4? Yes, there was. Is it possible that we get that fastener deficit from Q4 back, in Q4 of this upcoming quarter? Yeah. I think that that's possible, but the deficit Q4 last year was not as wide as the deficit in Q3. And I'm not expecting the benefit in Q4 this year to be at the same level as the benefit we saw in Q3. Really again, this feels very much like the inverse of what occurred last year. And at the end of the day, yeah, we'll probably wind up over the course of multi years kind of being neutral from a price cost standpoint. But within that overall trend, there has been a little bit of swingyness [Phonetic].

Chris Snyder
Analyst at UBS Investment Bank

Thank you. I appreciate that. And then maybe could you just talk a little bit about pricing on the non-fastener side? And I think I understand that the fastener is seeing some price pressure, whether it's the metal or the freight. But can you talk about the non-fastener side of the business? Thank you.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

Yeah. We don't talk about it a lot because it's behaving largely like we would expect it to. Pricing in the non-fastener areas has moderated just like our overall pricing has. But much like our overall pricing levels at this point, it's kind of back in the range that we would normally expect it to be in. It's still positive. It's lower than it was a year ago. But frankly, that area is performing largely as expected. Historically, we have not traditionally seen negative pricing in non-fastener products and I don't expect that that's going to happen in this cycle either. So we view the conditions for pricing in those products to be pretty stable here.

Chris Snyder
Analyst at UBS Investment Bank

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Next question is coming from David Manthey from Baird. Your line is now live.

David Manthey
Analyst at Robert W. Baird

Dan, Holden, good morning.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

Good morning, Dave.

David Manthey
Analyst at Robert W. Baird

First question, could you talk about the feedback in early returns after you reopened the doors of your stores last month?

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

I don't -- there hasn't been a lot of feedback. One thing I do every day and I've done this -- frankly have done this for last eight years is I end each day and every web feedback that comes in from customers, I try to read. I'm not going to say I read 100%, but I try to. And that tells us you it's a small enough number that I'm able to even try to when you consider the hundreds of thousands of customers we have. And over time, you pick up different themes and obviously you could -- if I go back to the COVID era, boy, were there themes jumping out.

The themes were a society really frustrated, not with us, just with some just frustrated, scared about what's going on, most of our businesses in the U.S. and so scared about what was going on and things that were going on and chaos around them. And oftentimes, I would call -- I would once a week, maybe twice a week call somebody up. It kind of throws them a little off filter when they get a call from me right after they put something, but you learn a lot that way. It's largely almost to quick to see. But my predecessor had a phrase he used sometimes. He used to keep it on his computer screen.

So if you want to grow your business, make it easy to buy. And sometimes, if you confuse the market, it's kind of like in today's world, you got to eat, it's a rare time that I got the that I don't check on my phone to see if the place is even open. Mondays and Tuesdays especially you can't necessarily count on, especially in a town and 25,000 people. Economics don't work for that business to be open certain nights. And so the biggest thing we needed to do is be really, really consistent with what we're doing. And the market reacts to that by saying, okay, this makes sense.

But if you get there and the door is closed and you were expecting it to be opened, so I don't have a lot of insight for you, Dave, other than to say there's probably a fewer comments about I stop there at 8 in the morning or 10 in the morning and your door was closed, what's going on? And on the flip side is also empathy is a two way street. And it's really looked at it and saying it's finding that spot where the business can meet the roads, the wheel can meet the roads, rubber meets the road or whatever that expression is, but it's good for both parties. And good is that we can provide a high level of service and it's economically good business for again both parties.

I believe we can find it. A lot of that business has migrated and we've seen it in our own internal statistics really since COVID started the amount of that business that's migrated to the Internet. And it's really in some ways the market making that transition of boy, it's a lot easier if I pop an order online and then go pick it up. It's easier for the customer. And so I think that's part of it. It's also reminding our teams locally that our goal in everything we do is always trying to figure out how to make the market opportunity bigger and find good productive use of our time to serve the marketplace and serve our customer. I like it from the standpoint, I think it's a better message for our team go out and grow the damn business. And stop spending time of what you're not going to do.

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

And just probably the one piece of perspective I might add, Dave is for a long time, for several years, we had a lot of different models occurring within the branch, right? There were some branches that did in fact closed their doors. There were some branches that had very specific low call hours. There were some branches that stayed open. There were branches that flipped their counters, branches that didn't. And I think what you're really seeing and picking up on is after several years of experimentation which is really what Fastenal does, it came time to say, let's settle on and align around kind of an agreed approach to it. And so what you picked up is essentially us having looked at the various experimentations that were run throughout the organization for a number of years and saying, hey, here's the path forward that we're going to take.

David Manthey
Analyst at Robert W. Baird

I appreciate the color, guys. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is coming from Jacob Levinson Melius Research. Your line is now live.

Jacob Levinson
Analyst at Melius Research

Good morning, Dan, Holden.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

Good morning.

Jacob Levinson
Analyst at Melius Research

I know you guys saw lots and lots of different end markets and maybe it's not always easy to tell exactly where the product is going up at the end of the day. But maybe you can just walk us through what you're hearing from the field in terms of some of the positive and negative outliers did on a vertical basis?

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

Yeah. Unfortunately, we don't have great granular insight market-by-market. The example I often give is there's a lot of manufacturers out there that are considered manufacturers in our business, but they might have enormous oil and gas exposure, but we don't see that oil and gas exposure. So I wish I could give you more detail end market by end market. We just don't have it. The data doesn't break out that way. The feedback from the field continues to be fairly uniform. I think aerospace is doing fairly well. I'm not getting a lot of feedback that anything else is really inflecting more favorably. I'm getting the feedback that everything else remains fairly tepid. And that generally speaking managers across our business are fairly cautious on where the market is today, but I wish we could give you more granularity end market by end market. We just don't have the means to measure it that way.

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

The only thing I'll add to it and my ask everybody of hearing this don't read too much into it because it's a relatively small piece of our business. But when I'm going through the numbers, the individual that posts the stuff together, I often wear him out a little bit with questions and just to understand it myself. And the other end markets which is about 11% of our business it's a bunch of stuff in there since the term other. And it peaked up and one of the components of that is our government business. And our government business has been gaining strength as we've gone through the year, but it didn't gain strength sequentially in September and sometimes that's just a function of comp. But because generally speaking, it's been gaining because we've been really successful in Onsite and in government locations that we have in the business.

And so I was asking, I said I know government didn't tick up, why did that tick up? And a big chunk of that other is transportation and it's not automotive transportation is not in there. It's transportation that we sell into and that's our real uptick. I'm not sure what that means. So maybe I created more questions what that answer is and then answer with that answer, but that was the one thing that jumped out at me. I'm still scratching my head on it. But at least I know that's what drove the other end markets to grow 12.5%.

Jacob Levinson
Analyst at Melius Research

Okay. That's helpful color. Thanks. Maybe just switching gears quickly on I think maybe in past cycles. Fast would have maybe had trouble holding the margin line and revenue growth at these lower levels. And I guess, the question is structurally, what's really changed in the business today versus prior cycles and gives you that confidence and maybe being able to have higher incremental margins going forward even if the growth rates aren't necessarily in this macro backdrop at least higher?

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

I think there's a few things in there. One is when we came through the tariff period that was brutal from the standpoint of our pricing tools being so decentralized that communicating what was changing almost on a week-by-week basis was incredibly difficult. And there was one quarter where I sat down with our IT -- John Soderberg, our leader of IT and I said John, I'm going to ask you something that I've never -- that I told you I've never ask you to do, we're going to shutdown all IT development for whatever time it takes. And we're going to focus a 100% of our energy on a better pricing tool for our organization to use because this is a disaster we're going through right now and we can't handle these fluctuations because our system isn't built for that. And we shut down IT and we focused on building what we call our price review tool. And then we had other folks that in the organization that took that.

Our district managers, we have a key person here in Winona Kevin Fitzgerald who took that and created a great tool and our ability to price and pricing isn't -- is much about that being too high as it is about not being too low because [Indecipherable] prices and precise and you're too high. You might actually hurt your margin because you don't sell enough of that where if you were 3 points lower, you would sell more of it and help your margin. So on the gross margin side, we've gotten better at our ability to price. And in recent years, our transportation team has gotten really agile at managing the expense side. So that's on the gross margin piece. And there's a bunch of other things, but I don't want to give you a 15 minute answer.

On the operating expense side, we focused a lot of energy on people development, on leadership development. Earlier when I was talking about the transition with Terry, one of the things that always makes me feel good about transitioning within Fastenal is the incredible bench of talent we have that exists throughout the organization that's from a promote within culture. Because of all that investment, our leadership team, whether it'd be in a support area, at the district level, at the regional level, our leadership team has never been better. And one thing I'll credit especially to Casey Miller who leads our U.S. business and Jeff Watts who lead our global business.

They both have done an incredible job over the last five, six years of challenging their leaders to be better at managing the expense side. Because in a decentralized organization, there is nothing more difficult than that. You have to be out ahead of stuff. And they've just done a wonderful job on that. And then the other piece, not displayed anybody, our distribution team and their ability to manage expenses through the cycle is second to none. Sometimes I look at the information I see and I quick my yields and I'm like, I can't believe how good this team is. And I think we're just better at it and that's not about one person. That's about an organization that has gotten better over time.

Jacob Levinson
Analyst at Melius Research

Thank you, both. That's great color. I'll pass it on.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

Thanks.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is coming from Patrick Baumann from JP Morgan. Your line is now live.

Patrick Baumann
Analyst at J.P. Morgan

Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. Maybe one for Holden first. Just wanted to follow-up on the near-term gross margin expectations. It sounds like the price cost will be favorable year-over-year in the fourth quarter. And then you also have an easy comp. I think you had called out like weaker product margins last year, maybe that's the non-fastener business. I guess, just given that and your third quarter performance, are you thinking gross margin in the fourth quarter is going to be up year-over-year? And then can it also be up maybe from the third quarter as well?

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

No. Not up from the third quarter. The first time -- I think you have a number of things from Q3 to Q4. The first is there is seasonality in play and I think its typically give or take 30 basis points of seasonality between third quarter and fourth quarter that's just proven true over time. It relates to the mix of our business in the fourth quarter, etc.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

And the de-levering of our trucking network.

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

And the delevering our trucking network. So I think first off, you have that sequential headwind. Now in the past, I've argued that it might be slightly more muted into Q4, but that was also based on a lot of freight advantage. I will tell you in the third quarter, we've begun to see cyclically sometimes when things get challenging, you can see some of your freight revenue piece begin to soften a little bit and we saw some of that during the third quarter. And the leverage that you get when you grow the freight revenues reverses when you don't and that was a bit of a challenge at the end of the third quarter that if that carries into the fourth quarter because demand is still weak, I think that, that goes from something that was doing fantastically for us in Q2 and becomes perhaps a little bit weaker. So I think that plays out perhaps a little bit softer as well. And then I guess I do believe that there'll be some moderation in price cost. So I think relative to the third quarter level, I think you're likely to see the fourth quarter come down a little bit greater than normal seasonality in this case.

Patrick Baumann
Analyst at J.P. Morgan

Great. Helpful color. Really appreciate that. And then I got one more in terms of the branch size now. It looks like it's close to that target you laid out in the fourth quarter -- during the fourth quarter conference call. I think you said 1,450 for U.S. plus Canada. So maybe if you could update us on [Technical Issues] and is that we're now. And then a couple of things in context of that like how should we think about that sales momentum in the non-res and reseller accounts, which I think has been hurt by some of the consolidation and then also the occupancy expense account where I think you've been benefiting from some of that in terms of costs coming out of the business? Just any color on that. Appreciate it.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

That maybe four questions.

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

Yeah. I'll try to unpack that in reverse order. And if I miss something, help me out. But first off, branch count 1,450 is our target number. That's not a -- we're at this number and the EBIT comes out that says that shell is not close, our that shell is not opened. That number could -- perhaps we should talk in ranges instead of exact points because of 1,450 was what are internal team identified as a target number looking at demographics. And I believe if -- I don't have the stats in front of me. So if I'm wrong, I apologize. It would have been in the flip book from the first -- from January.

But I believe at 1,450, we were within 30 minutes of 93% of the U.S. manufacturing base. And so it's a theoretical number. Could I see it go down to 1,400? Yes. Could I see it go to 1,500? Yes. The closer piece will become ever quieter and as we move into 2024. I know just yesterday I was chatting with Casey and Jeff about some of that and what they're seeing because there's still a few closures on the horizon. Part of it's remaining folks that openings are okay too. And so I think we'll be in that 1,400, 1,500 range. So don't read anything into it moving up or down 20.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

And then since it wraps into the concept, what you will see is as the rate of closings moderate versus the last several years, you're going to have a little bit less of an incremental sort of takeout of cost than we've had over the last several years. We still believe occupancy is ultimately leverageable. But you had inflation at the same time that you've had closures and those things have tended to offset one another and that's going to moderate as you go into 2024 and beyond to some degree.

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

So if I look at occupancy in the third quarter, we actually didn't leverage it. And a part of the reason for that is within occupancy, we have two components. We have our branch and Onsite network. We have obviously our distribution centers, but we also have our FMI, our vending and FASTBin. And the reason we classify that as occupancy when we started vending 15 plus years ago, looked at it and said, a vending machine is basically a shelf. We've taken a shelf out of the branch. We've wrapped in a metal box. We put that shelf in the customer's facility, but it's the shelf.

And we've really challenged our district leaders to think about that as occupancy on our internal P&L, we classified as occupancy. Because if a branch grows from 100 to 150 and for simple purposes, let's just say that 50,000 of growth is all vending, I don't need a bigger building and my occupancy grows because I have the depreciation and the expense associated with my vending platform. And it was a way of more holistically thinking about it. Our FMI numbers as you know, we're signing 95 devices a day. Our FMI grew 6%, our expenses within occupancy and that was about 55%. So our occupancy grew just under 4% and about 55% of that related to vending.

But even though we closed some branches and we closed some locations, our rent has not gotten cheaper in the last 12 months. And we will continue to be challenged with that. One of the things we've talked about on prior calls is a thing we call lift and lift is about efficiency of where we're picking the product, the replenished FMI, vending today, but FMA more broadly. But it also means if I have 50 vending machines out of -- that are serviced out of a brand and I don't need to stock all of that inventory in the local brands, because I am picking it in an automated distribution center in a highly efficient way. Now that distribution center isn't free.

But I also don't need to expand the footprint of my branch because I freed up 40 feet of shelving that was dedicated to vending in the past. But that's given us some challenges on the fact that occupancy has grown. And as you can imagine, the further you get from the middle of the country, the more expensive the space gets. When you it into some of our businesses in Europe, it's more expensive than it isn't Winona, Minnesota. But I feel good about our ability over time to continue to manage that and lever it as I said with our FMI. That business is growing quite handsomely and we grew our expense to 6%. We levered that nicely.

Patrick Baumann
Analyst at J.P. Morgan

Thanks so much for the color. Best of luck.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Next question is coming from Tommy Moll from Stephens. Your line is now live.

Tommy Moll
Analyst at Stephens

Good morning, and thanks for taking the questions. I wanted to start on fasteners and ask whether it's possible to parse that down 2% DSR into an MRO versus OEM component. And it's really the OEM side that's the crux of the question. But any context you could give there? And then I'll have one follow-up on OEM. Thanks.

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

Yeah. So what we're seeing in the quarter is you continue to have MRO fasteners down and we actually had OEM fasteners that were still rising. The perspective you need to have though is we continue to see our OEM fasteners grow as a proportion of the mix because they tend to benefit from the growth in our Onsite. So today, a lot of our growth is coming through Onsites and therefore, a lot of those new signings, those new implementations also bring in OEM fasteners. And so in the past, we've talked about OEM. And I think people have been surprised that OEM hasn't gotten negative given sort of the behavior. But if you go back to like mid last year, OEM fasteners were growing mid 20s. If you come to current period, it's growing low single-digits. And so you've seen significant moderation in OEM fasteners as the production environment has softened over the past 12 months, but it's still growing because of the success we continue to have signing and implementing Onsites.

Tommy Moll
Analyst at Stephens

That's helpful. Thanks, Holden. I guess to keep going with the same theme, some of the commentary you've offered today on the OEM side has -- it sounded similar to recent quarters. And recently you talked about the destocking dynamic at customer locations, particularly for the OEM business. Is there anything you can do to parse real underlying demand there versus shorter product delivery cycles and maybe customers are just ordering later in their production cycle?

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

Yeah. If you think about what we do in a perfect world where we're supplying OEM fasteners, the customer isn't ordering it per se. We're supplying it when they need it and that's unchanged in this cycle because the question is if you peer downstream from the manufacturing activity to our customer or their supply chain to the end market, how much inventory is there? Because if -- there shouldn't be a different stage of where you're ordering OEM fasteners. The pull through is what the pull through is. Now some of the changes from what Holden talked about a year ago, there was elements of inflation in there, but there was also elements of folks have had touched an unstable supply chain for everything else.

Fortunately, they were partnered with Fastenal and their supply chain for fasteners was great. And I able fund with you there. But they might have had other stuff or their end markets possession is nine-tenths. So they just ordered it because they were worried about getting it. And so I think you do have cases of downstream from our manufacturer customers. There is some stuff that piled up, but I think that's worked through. I think the pull right now is to pull. I was talking with our leader in Continental Europe the other day and his business had ticked up. And I was just asking some components about it and he was talking about some of his transportation customers that had picked up. He said their business is pulling through what they're selling, but they're being very, very cautious about not getting ahead of anything. So I think there is just true demand coming through.

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

Yeah. Maybe another anecdote as well. At the end of any given year, particularly years where demand is poor, oftentimes, we get suppliers that approach us to say, hey, if we sold just something for a discount, would you take some of this stuff off our hands and we can normalize our own production rates and that's fairly typical. And I'll say that it's still early and we don't know what December is going to look like in many respects, but we haven't as much activity from our suppliers inquiring about our willingness to enter into those kind of sort of year end types of deals. And what that might suggest to you is that a lot of our suppliers might have inventories that are pretty close to where they need to be. Those are anecdotes. We're not even in November, December yet. But I'm probably feeling somewhat encouraged about where the inventory levels within and throughout our supply chain are getting to.

Tommy Moll
Analyst at Stephens

That's all very helpful. Thank you both.

Operator

Thank you. Next question is coming from Ryan Merkel from William Blair. Your line is now live.

Ryan Merkel
Analyst at William Blair & Company

Hey guys. Thanks for fitting me in. I had a couple of questions on gross margin. So usually gross margins kind of flat sequentially into 3Q. And obviously it was up 40 bps. Can you just unpack what the drivers are there just because that was the surprise factor?

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

Yeah. As I indicated in my preamble, mix wasn't quite the headwind that I expected it was going to be. And price cost was more of a tailwind than I expected it to be relative to the guidance that I gave at the Q2 call. Those are the two pieces.

Ryan Merkel
Analyst at William Blair & Company

And when you say price cost, you're talking on product, you're talking on freight because it sounds like freight was the thing that you looked first driving the gross margin.

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

Yeah. But in many cases, freight rolls into our product cost, right? The biggest reason why there has been inflation and deflation over the past three or four years isn't the cost of steel, there is a bit of that. It has a lot more to do with what the cost of moving product has been. So price cost in our view -- when we talk about price cost in many cases, elements of freight are moved into product price.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

Yeah, because we consider that our landed cost to the shelves as opposed to when we're moving it around North America or moving around in our business.

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

Now there's transportation that does not fall under product costs. Those are our ramp trucks in the field, etc. But when you're talking about the cost of moving things from overseas to domestic that goes into product cost as Dan said part of landed and that gets reflected in our price cost dynamics.

Ryan Merkel
Analyst at William Blair & Company

Got it. Okay. That's helpful. And then sequentially, you think maybe gross margin could come down a little bit more than seasonality. Is that because price cost is going to decline? And the reason there you're going to lower fastener prices to match the lower product costs or is it also this idea that maybe charging for freight is getting a little bit harder?

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

No. I mean, there's a few reasons why I think gross margin will come into it. One of it is the seasonality you talked about. The second thing I talked about a moment ago is simply freight revenues softened a little bit in the face of a weaker cycle. And again, we have a certain degree of leverage around our freight that works great when the freight revenues are at record levels and it's not quite as good when they're not. That's another element of it. And then the moderation in price cost that I anticipate is probably -- probably has more to do with the field continuing to make modest adjustments where they're required by contract or what have you to do so. And again, we're talking about a relatively small number here. It's not dramatic, but those are the moving pieces that I see playing out to a slightly weaker fourth quarter gross margin relative to the third.

Ryan Merkel
Analyst at William Blair & Company

All right. Thank you.

Holden Lewis
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Fastenal

Thanks.

Daniel L. Florness
President and Chief Executive Officer at Fastenal

Thanks, Ryan. I see its about two minutes before the hour and I realize everybody in this call has a busy week of earnings conversations to be engaged in. Thank you for your time. Good luck in the fall and my thanks to the Fastenal team. Have a good day everybody. Thank you everyone.

Operator

[Operator Closing Remarks]

Corporate Executives

  • Taylor Ranta Oborski
    Financial Reporting & Regulatory Compliance Manager
  • Daniel L. Florness
    President and Chief Executive Officer
  • Holden Lewis
    Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Analysts

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