CarMax Q1 2024 Earnings Call Transcript

Presentation

[Operator]

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to the FY'24 Q1 2023 CarMax Earnings Release Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded.

I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, David Lowenstein, AVP, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

[David Lowenstein, Assistant Vice President, Investor Relations at CarMax]

Thank you, Chelsea. Good morning, thank you everyone for joining our fiscal 2024 first quarter earnings conference call.

I'm here today with Bill Nash, our President and CEO; Enrique Mayor-Mora, our Executive Vice President and CFO; and Jon Daniels, our Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations.

Let me remind you, our statements today that are not statements of historical fact, including statements regarding the company's future business plans, prospects and financial performance are forward-looking statements that we make pursuant to the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on our current knowledge, expectations, and assumptions, and are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. In providing projections and other forward-looking statements, we disclaim any intent or obligation to update them. For additional information on important factors that could affect these expectations, please see our Form 8-K, filed with the SEC, this morning, and our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023, previously filed with the SEC.

Should you have any follow-up questions after the call, please feel free to contact our Investor Relations department at 804-747-0422 extension 7865. Lastly, let me thank you in advance for asking only one question and getting back in the queue for more follow-ups. Bill?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Great, thank you, David. Good morning, everyone and thanks for joining us. Although the first quarter remained challenging due to the same factors we cited in fiscal '23, we're seeing sequential quarterly improvements across our business. We are focused on controlling what we can, as we take deliberate steps to support our business for both the near-term and the long-run. This quarter, we reduced SG&A independent of the legal settlement. We delivered strong retail GPU, we increased used saleable inventory units while driving down total inventory dollars 13% year-over-year. We drove strong wholesale GPU as our unit volume continued to recover. And finally, we grew CAF's penetration, even as we raised CAF's consumer rates to help offset higher cost of funds and tightened lending standards in reaction to the current environment.

For the first quarter of FY'24, our diversified business model delivered total sales of $7.7 billion, down 17% compared to last year driven by lower retail and wholesale volume and prices. In our retail business, total unit sales declined 9.6% and used unit comps were down 11.4%, which reflects an improvement from down 22.4% and 14.1% year-over-year during last year's third and fourth quarters. Average selling price declined approximately $1,600 per unit or 5% year-over-year. First quarter retail gross profit per used unit was $2,361, consistent with the $2,339 last year.

Historically, margin tends to run higher during the first quarter compared to the rest of the year. In the current environment, we expect this year's second quarter and full-year margins will be similar to last year, slightly ahead of the full-year USD2,100 to USD2,200 range that we spoke to last quarter. As always, we'll continue to test price elasticity and monitor the competitive landscape. Wholesale unit sales were down 13.6% versus the first-quarter last year, which reflects continued improvement from the 36.7% and 19.3% year-over-year declines during last year's third and fourth quarter. Average selling price declined approximately $2,000 per unit or 18% year-over-year. Wholesale gross profit per unit was $1,042 in line with $1,029 during last year's first quarter.

We bought approximately 343,000 vehicles from consumers and dealers during the quarter, down 5% from last year and an improvement from the 40% and 22% year-over-year declines during last year's third and fourth quarters. Of these vehicles, we purchased approximately 323,000 from consumers in the quarter with a little more than half of those buyers coming through our online instant appraisal experience. As a result, our self-sufficiency remained above 70% during the quarter. We sourced the remaining approximately 20,000 vehicles through dealers, up 20% from last year, supported by Edmonds sales team.

In regard to our first-quarter online metrics, approximately 14% of retail unit sales were online, up from 11% last year. Approximately 54% of retail unit sales were omni sales this quarter, which is consistent with the prior year. Nearly all of our first-quarter wholesale auctions in sales, which represents 20% of total revenue remained virtual and are considered online transactions. Total revenue resulting from online transactions was approximately 31%, which is in line with last year. CarMax Auto Finance or CAF delivered income of $137 million, down from $204 million during the same-period last year. Jon will provide more detail on customer financing, the loan-loss provision and CAF contributions in a few moments.

At this point, I'd like to turn the call over to Enrique, who will provide more information on our first-quarter financial performance. Enrique?

[Enrique Mayor-Mora, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at CarMax]

Thanks Bill and good morning everyone. Our continued focus on managing what is in our control drove another quarter of sequential improvement in year-over-year performance across key financial metrics, including unit sales, SG&A leverage, gross profit and EPS. First quarter net earnings per diluted share was $1.44, down from $1.56 a year ago. Included in our EPS this quarter was the equivalent of $0.28 or $59 million related to a legal settlement. Total gross profit was $817 million, down 7% from last year's first quarter. Used retail margin of $515 million and wholesale vehicle margin of $168 million declined 9% and 12% respectively. The year-over-year decreases were driven by lower-volume across retail and wholesale. This was partially offset by strong margin performance with both the retail and wholesale per unit margins, upped slightly from last year's numbers.

Other gross profit was $135 million, up 12% from last year's first quarter. This increase was driven by service, which delivered $4 million in margin, a $26 million improvement over last year. As we communicated in our Q4 FY'23 year end earnings call, our expectation is that service will deliver improved year-over-year performance in FY'24, driven by the efficiency and cost coverage measures that we've put in place. Our first-quarter has us off to a solid start. The improvement in service was partially offset by reductions in extended protection plan or EPP revenues and third-party finance fees. EPP revenues were down $5 million, primarily due to lower sales, partially offset by stronger margins that were implemented at the end of last year's first quarter. Third-party finance fees were down $3 million to last year's first quarter. Lower volume in Tier two, for which we receive a fee, was partially offset by a reduction in Tier three volume for which we pay a fee.

On the SG&A front, expenses for the first quarter were $560 million, down 15% from the prior year's quarter. Excluding the benefit from the legal settlement, SG&A was down 6% from the prior year's quarter as we continue to see the benefits of our cost management efforts. SG&A as a percent of gross profit was 68%. Excluding the benefit from the settlement, our SG&A leverage was 76%, roughly flat to last year's first quarter. The change in SG&A dollars over last year was mainly due to the following factors. First, other overhead decreased by $79 million, of which $59 million was due to the settlement. The balance of year-over-year favorability was driven by several factors including favorability and non CAF uncollectible receivables which benefited partially from timing, favorability and costs associated with lower staffing levels and a variety of other smaller cost.

Second, we reduced advertising by $17 million. While our advertising expense on a total dollar and per unit basis was lower year-over-year on the quarter, our investments for the quarter on a per unit basis remained aligned with last year's second-half spend level. Third, total compensation and benefits excluding a $13 million increase in share-based compensation decreased $15 million, This decrease was primarily driven by our continued focus in stores and CECs on aligning staffing levels to sales and driving efficiency gains. As I noted in our Q4 FY'23 year end call, we expect to require low-single digit gross profit growth to lever SG&A for the full FY'24 year, well below the levels we guided to during the investment heavy phases of our omni transformation. As a result, we expect to deliver a stronger flow-through of gross profit to profitability. Our first-quarter performance has us on track to deliver on this goal.

While we delivered SG&A leverage point in the mid 70% range in the first quarter, it is important to remember that the first quarter is typically our strongest for SG&A leverage as it's historically our highest used unit volume and margin per unit quarter. Regarding capital structure, our first priority remains to fund the business. While our adjusted net debt to capital ratio was slightly below our 35% to 45% targeted range, given ongoing market uncertainties, we continue to appropriately manage our net leverage to maintain the flexibility that allows us to efficiently access the capital markets for both CAF and CarMax as a whole. In keeping with this goal of maintaining flexibility, we continue to pause our share buybacks in the first quarter. Our $2.45 billion authorization remains in place as does our commitment to return capital to shareholders over time.

Additionally, post-quarter calendar end, we successfully renewed our $2 billion revolving lending facility with materially similar terms. We plan to include additional information in our forthcoming 10-Q which we plan to file on Monday.

Now I'd like to turn the call over to Jon.

[Jon Daniels, Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance at CarMax]

Thanks, Enrique, and good morning everyone. During the first quarter, CarMax Auto Finance originated $2.3 billion resulting in penetration of 42.7% net of three day payoffs, up from 39.3% observed during the first quarter last year. This growth in penetration came despite cash credit tightening within the higher-risk, higher APR portion of Tier-one, as well as the reduction of cash targeted volume of Tier three that began at the end of Q4. Despite the decrease in volume in these higher APR segments, the weighted-average contract rate charged to new customers was 11.1%, an increase of 20 basis-points from Q4 and 200 basis-points from the same period last year. Tier-two penetration in the quarter was 20.4%, up from Q4, but still down from the historically high 25.2% seen in Q1 of FY'23. Tier three penetration was 6.7%, down 40 basis-points from last year.

While CAF and other lending partners have tightened lending standards over the previous few quarters, our robust multilender credit platform was still able to approve approximately 95% of credit applications during the first quarter. CAF income for the quarter was $137 million, down from $204 million in the same-period last year. This $67 million year-over-year decrease is primarily driven by a $23 million increase in loss provision, as well as a $94 million increase in interest expense, partially offset by growth in interest and fee income. Note, our interest expense was impacted by a negative $9 million fair market value adjustment from our hedging strategy versus a positive $9 million adjustment seen in the same-period last year.

Within the quarter, total interest margin decreased $258 million, down $40 million from the same-period last year. The corresponding margin to receivables rate of 6.1% continued to come down from the 10-year peak seen in last year's first-quarter, but has moderated in its decline from previous quarters as was expected and previewed during last quarter's conference call. This slowing in NIM reduction comes as a result of targeted rate increases on new originations executed over the last year that effectively manage CAF penetration, finance margin and sales conversion to generate the most valuable outcome for CarMax as a whole.

The loan-loss provision in Q1 of $81 million results in an ending reserve balance of $535 million or 3.11% of ending receivables. This is compared to our reserve of $507 million last quarter, which was 3.02% of receivables. The sequential nine basis-point adjustment in the reserve to receivable ratio reflects unfavorable performance within the existing portfolio as well as the uncertain macro environment. Despite this increase, the existing Tier-one portfolio continues to trend within the targeted 2% to 2.5%, cumulative net credit loss range and the recent tightening is expected to provide a reduction in loss rate for future originations.

Regarding continued improvements in our best-in-class pre-qualification product, during the first quarter, we began broadly scaling yet another of our large lending partners within FBS, our finance-based shopping platform. This marks the sixth lender that is now capable of providing millions of additional customized credit decisions in minutes to our online customers. While we continue to add enhancements to our online credit experience, we believe our FBS platform is currently an industry leader and truly empowers consumers by providing simple access to penny perfect multilender credit decisions in seconds, while having no impact to their credit score.

Now. I will turn the call back over to Bill.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Thank you, Jon. Over the past several years, we've built a leading omnichannel platform that enables us to deliver what we believe is the most customer-centric experience in the industry. Our ability to offer integration across digital and physical transactions gives us access to the largest total addressable market and is a key differentiator. With our core omni capabilities now in place, we are continuing to prioritize projects that drive operating efficiencies and optimize experience for our associates and customers. We believe the steps we will be taking enable us to further expand our competitive moat and will position us well for the future. Some examples from the first-quarter beyond what Jon just spoke about related to CAF include, one, as we work to deliver a seamless digital-first shopping experience, we are increasingly leveraging Skye, our 24/7 virtual assistant. Skye enables us to efficiently assist customers via chat functionality, while taking work out of our CEC system. During the first quarter, we expanded these capabilities to include work flows related to finance applications, vehicle transfers and appointment reservations. Since going live, we've had great success reducing CEC work volume routed to associates, enabling us to provide a quick response at a lower-cost per transaction. We anticipate rolling out additional functionality to Skye throughout fiscal 2024.

Second, we are currently rolling out express drop-off, which enables customers with instant offer or store generated appraisals to progress the selling process from home. When utilized, this option offers customers the ability to complete their transaction in one of our stores in under 30 minutes, and our research shows that customers and associates both love this experience. Finally, we're continuing to modernize our auction platform to enhance the experience for dealers. This quarter, we launched an integrated check-in experience that enables single sign-on across our systems and streamlines access to the informations that dealers rely on the most when bidding on vehicles. Additionally, we initiated proxy bidding capabilities in a limited number of markets. This allows dealers to bid on vehicles in advance, so they don't have to participate live during each auction, it also unlocks the ability to take part in multiple auctions and bid on multiple vehicles simultaneously. Feedback on both of these capabilities has been positive. We plan to expand proxy bidding to additional markets as well as launch other enhancements in upcoming quarters.

With our focus on improving experiences and gaining efficiencies, we believe we are well positioned to emerge from the current environment and even stronger company. We're confident in the future of our diversified business model and believe that the deliberate steps that we're taking will enable us to drive robust growth as the market improves. With that, we will be happy to take your questions. Chelsea? Chelsea, can you remind folks how to enter the question portal.

Questions and Answers

[Operator]

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Our first question will come from Brian Nagel with Oppenheimer. Your line is open.

[Brian Nagel, Analyst at Oppenheimer]

Hey, good morning, everyone. Thank you for taking my question.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Good morning, Brian.

[Brian Nagel, Analyst at Oppenheimer]

So the question I'll ask, you know, with one question, but I'll have two parts of it. Just maybe you could talk about the market share dynamic you witnessed here early in you know, I guess, so far in the year? And then secondarily, you know, as you talked about in your script, we are seeing this improving firming in used car sales, obviously, still down year-on-year, but better than it had been in the prior two quarters. If you look at the drivers behind that, is that more what CarMax is doing? Or you've seen an excess solidifying backdrop within the sector? Thank you.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah, great. Thank you for the question, Brian. First of all, on the market share question, Brian, you might remember that last quarter, given the title data that we had, we thought we had bottomed out in the December, January timeframe. We actually have title data now through April, and we did bottom out in December. And although we aren't growing it year-over-year yet, we're pleased that January through April, we saw some good sequential growth, and we did that while maintaining strong margins. So we feel good about the trajectory we're on. And if I compare it to previous times when we had given up market share gain, we talked about that last quarter, COVID in '08-'09. I would tell you the coming out of it is more similar to the COVID period than the '08-'09.

As far as your second question on just the used car sales, yes, I mean, the overall used market obviously is still depressed. I do think while depreciation is a little bit of a headwind on parts of the business, so for example, wholesale, I think it's good for the overall industry. So having vehicles depreciate during the quarter, I think, was a good thing. It was a little unusual quarter because it first started off appreciating and then it ended up actually decreasing a little bit. So I think that's -- I think that's good for the industry.

But I think there's also things that are specific to CarMax and how we're managing our inventory, how we're managing our margin, the right cars out there that are unique to CarMax. So I think it's probably a combination of both.

[Brian Nagel, Analyst at Oppenheimer]

I appreciate the color, Bill. Thank you.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Sure.

[Operator]

Thank you. Our next question will come from Craig Kennison with Baird. Your line is open.

[Craig Kennison, Analyst at Robert W. Baird]

Hey, good morning. Thank you for taking my question as well. I'm trying to anticipate down the road when student loan payments are required again. Do you have a feel for the percentage of your buyers that are also making student loan payments and whether that could be a significant impact on demand?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah. That's a great question, Craig. It's one that we've actually talked about internally, both from a sales standpoint and from a finance standpoint. I think from a sales standpoint, it's hard to tell because folks have been taking consumer loans out for longer periods of time. And I would think probably the majority of our customers are outside of the student loan -- the majority of our retail customers are outside of that period. I think when you think about the CAF business, and Jon, you might have some different thoughts on this. But when you think about the CAF business, because we skew to a higher credit customer, that probably puts us in a little bit better position, but I don't know if you have any additional thoughts beyond that?

[Jon Daniels, Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance at CarMax]

Yeah, I agree, Bill. I mean, certainly, the prime customer is probably a little bit older. But I think when we are looking at our underwriting platform, our underwriting criteria and our models, we're always going to take into account total outstanding debt for the consumer evaluate the things that are most predictive of auto loan payback. And so that would be contemplated in our underwriting criteria.

[Craig Kennison, Analyst at Robert W. Baird]

Thank you.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Thanks, Craig.

[Operator]

Thank you. Our next question will come from Daniel Imbro with Stephens Inc. Your line is open.

[Daniel Imbro, Analyst at Stephens]

Hey, good morning, everybody. Thanks for taking the questions.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Good morning.

[Enrique Mayor-Mora, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at CarMax]

Good morning.

[Daniel Imbro, Analyst at Stephens]

I wanted to start on our focus on the SG&A results, obviously impressive in the quarter. Maybe two-parter related to that. First, within other maybe overhead, historically, I thought a lot of that was IT kind of e-commerce investment. Other than headcount reduction, can you maybe talk about Enrique some of the operational changes you made to drive that improvement in that line item and maybe the sustainability? And then related, I think you said there was a onetime benefit from the timing of some CAF receivables in the quarter. Could you quantify that just to help investors underwrite that outlook as well as in the SG&A line? Thanks.

[Enrique Mayor-Mora, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at CarMax]

Sure. Great. Thank you for the question. Yeah, let me take it kind of one by one. So let me first define non-GAAP finance receivables. We haven't talked about it too much in the past. We have a little bit, but not too much. So those are primarily loans that are financing partners issue to our customers that we end up writing off either due to title processing issues or down payment obligations. And if you go back to when we emerge from COVID, we had low staffing, we had high turnover and there were a lot of DMV delays, right? And emerging from that, we've re-staffed, we've trained up our stores, DMVs are moving faster. So we're actually able to kind of catch-up on these non-CAF finance receivables and execute better. Stores are executing. Our home office is executing. And again, the DMVs are executing as well better than they were. And as a result, we've seen some favorability in that line. I did talk to some favorability due to timing. So part of that is due to timing. What I'd tell you, that's not timing that will come back and hit us in the future. It's more of a change in estimates that we have and what we think we'll be writing off. So it's a little bit more of a hindsight change, so it won't hit us moving forward.

So that's number one. That was kind of the biggest favorability we saw on the quarter year-over-year. As well, we did see some favorability related to headcount, which I mentioned, related to staffing levels. Specifically, as we've staffed down and rightsized, we have favorability in relocation expenses, as you'd imagine, in recruiting expenses, as you'd imagine, but then also in casual labor. And all of those hit the other bucket. So we see favorability there.

We are still seeing a little bit of pressure from decisions we made in prior quarters on our technology and strategic growth. So that's still growing a little bit within that bucket, but it's being offset pretty materially by the other areas.

[Daniel Imbro, Analyst at Stephens]

Okay. Thanks for all the color guys.

[Enrique Mayor-Mora, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at CarMax]

Okay. Thank you.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Thank you. Our next question will come from Sharon Zackfia with William Blair. Your line is open.

[Sharon Zackfia, Analyst at William Blair & Company]

Hi. Good morning. I wanted to actually ask some questions about Skye because I don't recall you talking about Skye previously. So how, I mean, how far do you think you can take I guess, what I'll call an AI technology to help kind of make the CECs more efficient? And how should we think about if there's any kind of step-up in investment that would be related to kind of enhancing or optimizing Skye further, if that makes sense.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah. No, great question, Sharon. First of all, just AI in general, I think we're bullish on AI in general. We've been using OpenAI for a period of time now. We think about it, there's lots of opportunities to enhance our associates' work, maybe take some of the more mundane stuff out. Particular to Skye, we talked about Sky, I can't remember if we've actually named it Skye in the past, but we talked about a virtual assistant. So that's what our virtual system that's called is Skye. And we're really pleased. One of the things that we've been on a path to is really making our CECs as efficient as possible and leveraging our associates for the really value-added work. And this quarter with the improvements that we saw with Skye, we really deflected a good amount of calls to the CEC that Skye was able to handle independent of calling in. And the areas that we put in there were the pre-call, the transfer process and appointment setting. And the way that it's working right now, which I think is really kind of the first version of it is, Skye hooks them up with a link. We see a world where Skye will actually interact back and forth and not even necessarily have to hook up with a link. So I think that's an enhancement.

Another enhancement we'll be looking at is just integrating IO with Skye. So I think there's opportunity -- still a lot of opportunity just in the CECs with Skye, but I also think there's a lot of opportunity just AI in general. We've used it in training our CECs consultants, and we think there's additional possibility there.

We've used OpenAI to assist in our vehicle reviews and customer reviews, really allowing our content team to focus on more insightful stuff. And like I said, we're working on a proof-of-concept, a knowledge proof-of-concept for our CECs to allow them to access very specific state information. So again we're excited about it.

[Enrique Mayor-Mora, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at CarMax]

What I'd say as well just building on that is Skye has been a pretty strong contributor to helping us get our operating model even more efficient than where we've been in the past. We've shown sequential improvements now in quarter-over-quarter costs when it comes to the CECs and the operating model, and that's on a per retail unit basis. And when you consider total units, so use and wholesale or even gross margin dollars, we -- the progress has been even stronger. So it has been a pretty material -- it's had a pretty material impact to the efficiency of our model, and it's contributing to the SG&A gains that we're seeing.

[Sharon Zackfia, Analyst at William Blair & Company]

Thank you.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Thank you, Sharon.

[Operator]

Thank you. Our next question will come from John Murphy with Bank of America. Your line is open.

[John Murphy, Analyst at Bank of America]

Good morning, guys. Just one very quick follow-up. Is there a way to quantify the timing that you got from -- or timing benefit you got on SG&A from the non-CAF uncollectible receivables just in a dollar sense?

[Enrique Mayor-Mora, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at CarMax]

Yeah. I would say the timing was not all that material in the scope of things. I'll give you a dollar number, but it's not all that material in the scope of things. The majority of the benefit really was from that improvement in execution, from our stores, from our home office and from the DMVs as well.

[John Murphy, Analyst at Bank of America]

Okay. And then just a question, Bill, as you think about the same-store sales comps, I mean, it's tough to call exactly when things will inflect. I'd love to hear your opinion about when you think they may inflect. But if they don't, is there an opportunity to potentially get more aggressive on SG&A costs through headcount reduction or other areas in case we're in an environment where affordability and supply remain a pretty material issue?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah. So John, what I'd say on the cadence as far as being able to flip that. But really the only thing I can point to, which is what I've talked about in the past is just when we've seen this in the past, how long is it generally taken? And I think if you go back to '08, '09, I think it took us about seven to eight months before we flattened and then started growing it year-over-year. You look at COVID, it was more in the four to five month range. So again, I feel good about the progress we're seeing there.

Now as far as your second part of the question, which is the SG&A reduction. Look, hopefully, we made it very clear that we are very focused on this SG&A, so reduction. So whether wherever the market share goes, we're going to continue to move that. But regardless of that, we're going to continue to focus on continuing to prove SG&A with things like we've been talking about with Skye and becoming more efficient in the CEC, becoming more efficient in the stores.

There really isn't one piece of the business where we don't have efficiency plays that we're currently looking at. So it doesn't matter if it's a business office, service operations, merchandising, every single department we have internal goals that we're going after. So regardless of the market share, we're going after continued efficiency.

[John Murphy, Analyst at Bank of America]

And that target of low 70%, I mean, is that a one or two year target? Or is that an eventual? How should we think about getting there, the timeframe?

[Enrique Mayor-Mora, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at CarMax]

We want to get there as fast as we can. It's also going to require the gross profit improves as well. So it's critical that the underlying business and the macro environment improves as well, and then we'll get there. This quarter was particularly strong. The first quarter, again, is usually the strongest quarter for the reasons I mentioned in my prepared remarks, right? But we do expect the rest of the year to continue to deliver on our commitment for this year, which is a low single-digit gross profit in order to lever, which is a material difference from where we've been over the past few years in our heavy investment phase. But 70% is our next step is what we mentioned. And from there, we can hopefully even lever even more in the years beyond. But 70% is our next step.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah, John, I think we talked about last quarter that well, for this year, we need the macro conditions to continue to improve to get there. If that doesn't happen this year, we wouldn't expect this to be a two-year thing. We would expect to get back there next year.

[John Murphy, Analyst at Bank of America]

Yeah. And that's in the mid 70% range, right?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah.

[John Murphy, Analyst at Bank of America]

Great. Thank you very much.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Thanks, John.

[Operator]

Thank you. Our next question will come from John Healy with Northcoast Research. Your line is open.

[John Healy, Analyst at Northcoast Research]

Great. Thank you for taking my question. We haven't heard the word affordability used on this call compared to the last couple. And my thought is that your performance probably reflects you guys kind of changing and adjusting the merchandise you have on the lots and the site to meet retail demand. Can you kind of talk about how the -- maybe the mix and the age or the mileage of the vehicles that you're selling today looks versus a few months ago? And maybe just the multiyear outlook for supply because I think there's some concern in the market about your ability to source vehicles kind of in that late model category given the fact that they might not exist for the next couple of years. So just love to kind of hear your thoughts about what you're selling today and what you think your merchandise mix might look like for the next year or two?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah, great. Thank you for the questions, John. So I think from a affordability, look, there's still an affordability issue out there. Even though our average selling price is down, it's still up substantially over where it used to be. And I think in the previous calls, we've said, hey, if you think about the affordability, 85% has been driven by the vehicle price, 15% is driven by the interest rates. I think we're probably more in a 75-25, which is more driven by the prices coming down, which automatically gets your interest rates makes a little bit more. But I think we've knock on wood, I think we've kind of peaked on what the increase in payments. I think we were running. If you look at just the CAF business, we were running about 150 monthly higher than pre-normal times and I think we're probably down to 130 or so.

So there is still absolutely an affordability issue. I think your question is great when you think about the mix. Our prices were down roughly $1,600. But the interesting thing, while your acquisition price is down almost and that was more than 50% of the price swing. There's also a bit of an age mix thing here as well. And what I mean by that is if you look at the zero to four-year-old cars that we sold a year ago compared to the zero to four-year-old cars that we sold this year, we had less percent of those. So we dropped a few points, which means less of those newer cars and what you've shifted to is we've actually seen a little bit of uptick in the eight plus. And so that obviously is going to drive down your overall selling price. It's also a little bit of a tailwind for us on margins as well, which played out in the quarter.

I think the last part of your question, which was the supply. We've gotten this question in the past. And what I would tell you is the fact that the new car sales rate has been off of what it traditionally is, that's not an environment that we're unfamiliar with working in because if I think back in the past, we've seen that before back in the '08, '09, the reduction in new car sales was actually more dramatic than it is now. If you look at the new car sales that we've been experiencing here more recently, we still haven't hit some of the numbers that you saw back coming out of '08 and '09. So and we were able to manage through that period very well.

And I would tell you, we have a better tool in the toolbox this time with self-sufficiency being so high. So we're not worried about the availability of inventory just like we haven't really been worried about it over the last year.

[Enrique Mayor-Mora, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at CarMax]

The only piece I'd add to that from an inventory mix standpoint is like for customers over 25% of our cars are less than $20,000. And last year, in the first quarter, that was closer to 20%, right? So now we're up over 25%. So in terms of customers, we are mixing the right inventory to make sure we're being as affordable as we can.

[Operator]

Thank you. Our next question will come from Scot Ciccarelli with Truist. Your line is open.

[Scot Ciccarelli, Analyst at Truist Securities]

Good morning, guys.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Hey, Scot.

[Scot Ciccarelli, Analyst at Truist Securities]

Good morning. Can you help us understand what the exit comp rate was in the quarter? And then related to that, your 95% credit approval rate. Is that actually higher on a year-over-year basis? In other words, did traffic drop more than what you saw in -- or what we saw in the comp results?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

I'll take the comps and I'll pass it over to Jon to talk about the other questions. So the way I think about the kind of the comp cadence, it was pretty steady throughout the whole quarter. I mean there wasn't any remarkable difference month-to-month. If you look at the quarter as a whole, that's kind of how each month basically performed. And then Jon I'll toss it to you on the credit.

[Jon Daniels, Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance at CarMax]

Yeah, on the 95% credit approval, right, again, that's anybody that's applying for credit, whether it be online or directly in the store where they start. That's similar to what we've stated before. And I think, frankly, in this environment with the tightening that we've seen from the partner lenders and CAF. I think it just speaks to the robustness of our platform to maintain that level. So we feel real good about that number.

[Scot Ciccarelli, Analyst at Truist Securities]

Right. Can I have a follow-up question on that?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Sure.

[Scot Ciccarelli, Analyst at Truist Securities]

If everyone's tightening credit, how does the approval rates stay flat? Is it just fewer and fewer people and it's better qualified people coming in? Like, is that the way to interpret that?

[Jon Daniels, Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance at CarMax]

Sure. Yeah, fair question. And that speaks to the uniqueness of the platform. So let's say, perhaps the approval still there, but it's at a higher interest rate where you're asking for a little more money down or get moved from lender A to lender B further down the platform. But again, that's the benefit of having those multiple lenders and those multiple tiers is. We're at least still able to provide some level of credit to the consumer to at least contemplate purchasing the car.

[Scot Ciccarelli, Analyst at Truist Securities]

So the approval includes changes in what those terms are. So like you know we'll still preview.

[Jon Daniels, Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance at CarMax]

That's correct. It does. So it might not be as strong of an approval, and that's sort of the tightening as opposed to maybe a single lender platform where it's just, look, I can't approve view period. We've got other lenders to provide alternatives.

[Scot Ciccarelli, Analyst at Truist Securities]

Got it. Super helpful. Thank you.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Thanks, Scot.

[Operator]

Thank you. Our next question will come from Michael Montani with Evercore. Your line is open.

[Michael Montani, Analyst at Evercore ISI]

Hey, thanks for taking the question. Just first off, I was wondering, if you could discuss at all, comp trends quarter-to-date. And then also what you're seeing in terms of inventory levels. We had seen, I think, an increase now year-over-year to start the quarter. So I just wanted to understand that. And then I had a follow-up.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yes. So I think as far as comp trends quarter-to-date, I would look to similar to where we ended the quarter. I think on the inventory levels, look, I was really pleased the team has done a phenomenal job.

As I said in my opening remarks, we actually took the total dollar amount down yet we increased our saleable and they're doing a great job making sure that we're getting cars through even with delays on parts that kind of thing.

So we typically go down a little bit of inventory. And this month, this quarter, we actually -- when you go from Q4 to Q1. And this year, we actually went up a little bit. So we feel good. We're still -- if I think about the traditional stores, we're a little bit lighter than where we normally are, but I think that's appropriate in this type of selling environment. So I think from an inventory standpoint, we're in good shape.

[Michael Montani, Analyst at Evercore ISI]

Okay. And then just a follow-up on the share components, understanding historically, it could be like a seven to nine month type of issue. But if that continues to persist, should we anticipate incremental investments, either from GPUs or potentially ad expense or headcount? Or do you think that basically that's not necessary because it's more industry demand dynamics that are driving it?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah. I feel good about where we are right now. Obviously, you've got to continue to monitor the competitive landscape. You've got to come in, continue to monitor price elasticity, especially when it comes to the GPUs. But as I said earlier, we're working on efficiencies regardless of market share. But again, I would just reiterate that I feel good about the growth that we're seeing so far. And I'm positive about the outlook in front of us.

[Michael Montani, Analyst at Evercore ISI]

Okay. Thank you.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Thank you. Our next question will come from Seth Basham with Wedbush Securities. Your line is open.

[Seth Basham, Analyst at Wedbush Securities]

Thanks a lot and good morning. My question is really around GPU and the better performance in retail GPU for the quarter. Can you give us a sense of how much of that was driven by market pricing dynamics relative to other internal factors?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah. What I would say is the -- as far as our price elasticity test goes, it really hasn't changed much, which is why we continue to see strong margins. We continue to have great self-sufficiency. We continue to have a mix of older vehicles, which are more profitable. All those certainly help. In my prepared remarks, I heard that I said that since the last quarter, we were talking about if you think about the full year, $2,100 to $2,200, we're actually updating on that a little bit just to be between $2,200 and $2,300 more similar to last year, especially as you look at the second quarter.

So again, I feel good about where we are. We'll continue to measure the macro factors, but we do have some nice efficiencies that we've picked up that we've been able to take a little bit to the bottom line as well as continue to pass through the customer. So we feel great about our prices.

[Seth Basham, Analyst at Wedbush Securities]

And as a follow-up, do you think you can hit that 2 million unit sales both for fiscal '26 with retail GPUs in that USD2,100 to USD2,200 normalized range?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah. As we said the last quarter, we're going to stick by those long-term ranges. We'll update it at the end of the year. A lot can happen in one year. But, yes, we're not changing that guidance at this point.

[Seth Basham, Analyst at Wedbush Securities]

Fair enough. Thank you.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Thanks, Seth.

[Operator]

All right. Thank you. Our next question will come from Rajat Gupta with JPMorgan. Your line is open.

[Rajat Gupta, Analyst at JPMorgan Chase & Co.]

Great. Thanks for taking the question. Just had a couple of quick ones. One on the other gross profit line, the services efficiency that you mentioned. Is there a way to give us a little more granularity on the $25 million year-over-year improvement there because revenues did not go up that much. Does it come primarily from reduced headcount or any other areas that you can flag? Thanks.

[Enrique Mayor-Mora, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at CarMax]

Yeah. Thanks for the question, Rajat. So really two things drove that, right? Within bucket of service, service is really where we saw the year-over-year increase, about $26 million. And actually, we're able to deliver profitability and service, which we haven't done in a couple of years in the quarter here. So we're really pleased with the progress that we've made. Two things have driven that. Number one is we took cost coverage metrics -- measures, I'm sorry. So as you recall, we've been hit by inflation for a good period of amount of time here. And we took increase in rates in labor. We took increase in rates and parts, and that has allowed us to cover the inflationary pressures that we've been facing. That's number one.

Number two, really strong focus on efficiency still a headwind year-over-year, especially with sales still being challenged. But we've shown now sequential improvement in driving efficiency in the service department. So we've reduced labor along with retaining our tech, which is critical right? But we have been able to reduce labor. We're also in a little bit more of a stable sales environment, which allows for more effective scheduling. And so those are the primary reasons why we've seen that benefit. I would expect that year-over-year benefit to continue for the rest of the year. Whether or not service will be profitable for the year, we'll see, right? But what we do know is that we do expect from a year-over-year basis to show some pretty considerable improvements year-over-year for the rest of the year.

[Rajat Gupta, Analyst at JPMorgan Chase & Co.]

Got it. That's helpful. May I just ask one quick one on CAF since I haven't been much asked yet. Just on the provisioning improvement, on a year-over-year basis or more on a sequential basis. Is there an element of recoveries that you can talk about that might have benefited sequentially? Or if you could just generally talk about what you saw from a recovery standpoint, either frequency or severity and anyway to think about provisions over the next couple of quarters? Thanks.

[Jon Daniels, Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance at CarMax]

Sure. Yeah, I appreciate the question, Rajat. Yeah, I'll just talk about the provision sequentially quarter-over-quarter. I think that's driven primarily by some of the tightening that we've done.

Obviously, you're going to provision for your new originations within the quarter. So if you tighten and that's going to come in at a lower loss rates then there's just less money that you need to put towards those receivables. I mean, obviously, we then make adjustments on existing portfolio accordingly. So I think that's some of what you're seeing there.

With regard to your recovery rates, I'll just speak in general around that. Historically, we're between 40% to 60% on our recovery rate. Obviously, with vehicle values very high. We enjoyed recovery rates in the 70% range.

Year-over-year, we're probably down 13 points -- 12 to 13 points were actually up sequentially. So, yes, I don't think recovery rate that was playing a large piece of that. I think units still carry the day here and again, hopefully, that explains the provisioning down quarter-over-quarter.

[Rajat Gupta, Analyst at JPMorgan Chase & Co.]

Got it. Just to clarify, you mentioned 70% on the recovery in the quarter?

[Jon Daniels, Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance at CarMax]

So the recovery rate for the quarter was -- I think the numbers were let's see, I think we'll show it about 59% to 60% when all is counted. So which we were 73% to 74% last year, we were about 57% last quarter. So just obviously down year-over-year, but a tick up quarter-over-quarter.

[Rajat Gupta, Analyst at JPMorgan Chase & Co.]

Great. Thanks a lot for the color.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Sure. Thanks, Rajat.

[Operator]

Thank you. Our next question will come from Chris Pierce with Needham. Your line is open.

[Chris Pierce, Analyst at Needham & Company LLC]

Hey, Bill, you talked in your remarks about feeling better about the macro as wholesale prices come in quicker than they normally do at this time of the year, if I understood that right. Are you feeling better about the used car macro environment returning to a 40 million unit number at a sooner rate than you had previously thought based on kind of what you're seeing out there? Just wanted to get a sense of how you're thinking about bigger picture?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah. No, I don't -- I think it's too early to make that call. My comments around the depreciation, I think what we're seeing now is depreciation, which you would normally see. If you go back to the old normal -- the normalized environment, which is hard to remember back then, typically, you see depreciation this time of the year into the fall.

So I think we're seeing that and again, while it can be a bit of a headwind for the wholesale business, I think overall, it's good for the industry because it just makes those cars more affordable, especially for a consumer that budget pinched.

So I think it's still a little too early to say we're going to get back to 40 million right away, but I think the more prices move down, the better that is for the industry.

[Chris Pierce, Analyst at Needham & Company LLC]

Okay. And then on used GPU. The question was asked about of lack of new car sales leading the lack of used car sales and you guys retailing older vehicles, if I understood that right. If you're going to be retailing older vehicles for the next multiple years, is that a multiyear tailwind for used GPU? I know you raised it to USD2,200 to USD2,300, what we just saw come in above $2,361. So I'm just curious if there will be upside to that number even if you're retailing more aged vehicles than you normally would prior?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah. No, I wouldn't think of it as more upside. I mean as Enrique said in his comments and in the script, the first quarter is generally your strongest quarter from a margin standpoint. The turns on inventory, less markdowns, that kind of thing. So while the older vehicle mix absolutely helps us from a margin standpoint. We've been seeing this play out over the last year because we've had a higher mix of older vehicles that we've been selling. And really that's being determined by the customer. So if the customer wants to continue to see older vehicles, we'll make sure we have plenty of that inventory out there. If pricing comes back in line, over a period of time, and all of a sudden, your later model vehicles are more affordable, especially in comparison to new cars then some consumers may migrate there. I think that's the beauty of the business models that we can put out on the lot, whatever customers are looking for. And we have the capability to go older and we have the capability to go newer, just depends on what the customer is looking for.

[Chris Pierce, Analyst at Needham & Company LLC]

Thank you.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Thank you. Our next question will come from David Whiston with Morningstar. Your line is open.

[David Whiston, Analyst at Morningstar]

Thanks. Good morning. Just curious on electric vehicles with such a huge surge in demand on the new vehicle side. Are you seeing that on the used vehicle side too? Or is affordability kind of muting that EV demand for used buyers?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah, David, thank you for the question. So I think if you think about CarMax as a whole and the number of EVs we actually sell, it's a very small percent. And I think probably last quarter, it was roughly on pure EVs around 1%, maybe a little bit more. And we've seen that number tick up a little bit. As you can imagine, there just hasn't been a lot of EVs out there in the marketplace for you.

Now, obviously, all the manufacturers are putting out more EV product. I do think, I mean, you point out a good thing on affordability. I think they have to become a little bit more affordable for the average consumer. But that being said just like we're the retailer of used vehicles.

We want to be the retailer, the largest retailer have used EVs. And so we're preparing for that. While it's a small percentage of our sales now, we think that, that will grow over time. And so we're already taking steps to make sure that we can be prepared for that.

[David Whiston, Analyst at Morningstar]

Okay. And just one thing on FBS. Can FBS customers loan eventually go into a CAFs securitization? Or does it have to stay with an external lending partner?

[Enrique Mayor-Mora, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at CarMax]

No. CAF is one of the six lenders that are currently operating on FBS. And again, that's the online shopping tool. So, yes, absolutely, all lenders -- all of those lenders are participating in CAF loans. We'll absolutely underwrite folks in FBS and it will go through our normal funding channels.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah. David, that's the FBS is all the different lending partners. It's a very unique product out in the marketplace because it's not only CAF, but it's our additional lending partners that have been with us forever. And at the end of the day, that's what gets consumers, especially ones that are conscious about their monthly payment, it gets them the best rate.

[David Whiston, Analyst at Morningstar]

Did you give an FBS penetration number?

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

You mean as far as how many consumers are leveraging FBS?

[Jon Daniels, Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance at CarMax]

Yeah. I think what we would say is of the people that apply for credit, 80% plus are starting online and leveraging our online platform.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Yeah, and everybody can do an FBS experience. It just depends on how they want to shop.

[David Whiston, Analyst at Morningstar]

Okay. Thank you.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Thank you.

[Operator]

Thank you. We have no further questions at this time. I'd like to hand the call back to Bill for closing remarks.

[Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer at CarMax]

Great. Thank you. Well, thanks, everybody, for joining us and your questions and your support.

As always, I want to thank our associates for what they do, taking care of each other and the customers. They are absolutely our differentiator. I also would like to remind everybody that's on the call, we recently published our 2023 responsibility report, and I encourage everybody to listen to it.

I mean read it, that's listening today. It provides some great updates on some key initiatives, including climate-related and the tangible impact that we're having on community. So again, we're proud of the values that we're living every day and I think we're well positioned to drive long-term sustainable value for all of our shareholders.

So again, thank you for your time today, and we'll talk again next quarter.

[Operator]

[Operator Closing Remarks]

Participants

Corporate Executives

• David Lowenstein, Assistant Vice President, Investor Relations
• Bill Nash, Director, President & Chief Executive Officer
• Enrique Mayor-Mora, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
• Jon Daniels, Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance

Analysts

• Brian Nagel, Oppenheimer Holdings Inc.
• Craig Kennison, Robert W. Baird
• Daniel Imbro, Stephens
• Sharon Zackfia, William Blair & Company
• John Murphy, Bank of America Co.
• John Healy, Northcoast Research
• Scot Ciccarelli, Truist Securities
• Michael Montani, Evercore ISI
• Seth Basham, Wedbush Securities
• Rajat Gupta, JPMorgan Chase & Co.
• Chris Pierce, Needham & Company LLC
• David Whiston, Morningstar, Inc.